Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on fertilization and fruit set in date palms

Slavković, Filip; Greenberg, Amnon; Sadowsky, Avraham; Zemach, Hanita; Ish-Shalom, Mazal; Kamenetsky, Rina; Cohen, Yuval

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.030

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…) but enhanced the formation of parthenocarpic fruit and reduced normal fruit development in pear and date palm (Modlibowska ; Slavković et al . ). Adams et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temperatures during flower bud development affect pollen germination, self‐incompatibility reaction and early fruit development of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.)

et al. 2017

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One of the key environmental factors affecting plant reproductive systems is temperature. Characterising such effects is especially relevant for some commercially important genera such as Citrus. In this genus, failure of fertilisation results in parthenocarpic fruit development and seedlessness, which is a much-prized character. Here, we characterise the effects of temperature on flower and ovary development, and on pollen-pistil interactions in 'Comune' clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). We examine flower bud development, in vitro pollen germination and pollen-pistil interaction at different temperatures (15, 20, 25 or 30 °C). These temperatures span the range from 'cold' to 'hot' weather during the flowering season in many citrus-growing regions. Temperature had a strong effect on flower and ovary development, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth kinetics. In particular, parthenocarpic fruit development (indicated by juice vesicle growth) was initiated early if flowers were exposed to warmer temperatures during anthesis. Exposure to different temperatures during flower bud development also alters expression of the self-incompatibility reaction. This affects the point in the pistil at which pollen tube growth is arrested and confirms the role of sub- and supra-optimal temperatures in determining the numbers of pollen tubes reaching the ovary.

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“…) but enhanced the formation of parthenocarpic fruit and reduced normal fruit development in pear and date palm (Modlibowska ; Slavković et al . ). Adams et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temperatures during flower bud development affect pollen germination, self‐incompatibility reaction and early fruit development of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.)

et al. 2017

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general developmental scheme, together with the traditional stage nomenclature, is described by Zaid and De Wet (2002a) and Chao and Krueger (2007). Early stages of development are presented by Slavković et al (2016). et al, 2006) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) (Myllys et al, 2002), and compared to the NCBI data bank using BLAST software (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).…”

Section: Assessment Of a Niger Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A general description of fruit development has been presented previously (Chao & Krueger, 2007;Reuveni, 1986;Zaid & De Wet, 2002a) and is presented in Figure S1. Herein we elaborate on the early stages, DS 0 to DS 2 described by Slavković et al (2016). The date palm is a dioecious species having female and male inflorescences on separate individuals.…”

Section: Fruit Development and Maturation Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspergillus niger, the causal agent of black mould disease in date fruits, infects and colonizes flowers and young fruitlets

et al. 2021

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Black mould, caused by Aspergillus niger, is the main fungal disease affecting date fruits. Symptoms develop inside the fruit, at the inner space between the pulp and the seed. This study focuses on the aetiology of black mould disease in Medjoul fruit. We followed symptom appearance naturally and after artificial A. niger inoculation at different development and maturity stages. Symptoms developed in only a short period during early fruit ripening. However, fruits were commonly colonized at earlier stages of development. Artificial inoculation of flowers and setting fruitlets increased the level of fruit colonization, while fungicide spraying at these stages decreased colonization. Several weeks following flower inoculation by A. niger, mycelium could be detected on degenerating stigmas and carpels as well as between the fruit and the calyx. Following inoculation with an A. niger strain expressing green fluorescent protein (A. nigerGFP), the pathogen was detected on stigmas of setting fruitlets but not within the stigmatic tissue or the transmitting tract of the carpel. The A. nigerGFP strain was detected during fruit development below the base of the large fruitlets and above the calyx surrounding the vascular bundle leading into the fruit. The results suggest that A. niger can infect and colonize flowers and setting fruitlets, grows on the degenerating carpels, and remains latent at a protected site at the base of the fruit until ripening. It then induces the typical black mould symptoms. The significance of these results for developing means to cope with the disease is discussed.

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“…Fruit trees are perennial woody crops, mostly distributed in hilly, mountainous areas and on river beaches in China, where the soil organic matter content is low and the nutrient supply capacity is generally insufficient. To ensure that the soil can continuously provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of fruit trees, fertilization has become the main approach for supplementing soil nutrients and increasing the yield of fruit trees (Slavkovic et al, 2016). In addition, most fruit tree species have the following characteristics: high loads, low root density, low nutrient utilization, and high energy consumption.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nutrient Input and Soil Nutrient Profit and Loss of Pear Orchards in Beijing

Liang

Sun

et al. 2022

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To understand the soil nutrient status of pear orchards in Beijing, we investigated their fertilization situation, including the fertilizer type, amount, and period. Furthermore, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 40 cm to determine the contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The status of nutrient profits and losses was analyzed. The results showed that 50% of the pear orchards received organic fertilizer as a single nutrient source, and 35.7% of the pear orchards received a combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Most pear orchards received organic fertilizer in autumn, but the application of chemical fertilizer occurred mainly before germination and during fruit expansion. The average nutrient input to the investigated pear orchards was 569.6 kg/ha for N, 855.0 kg/ha for P2O5, and 448.1 kg/ha for K2O, and the corresponding proportion of organic fertilizer was 76.9%, 88.0%, and 85.8%, respectively. However, the pear orchards had surpluses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with average surplus amounts as high as 445.5, 794.3, and 321.4 kg/ha, respectively. Among all pear orchards surveyed, 93.33% faced environmental risks and 37.04% faced leaching risks. The average content of soil phosphorus was 2.23 times its critical value, and 64.29% of the studied pear orchards exceeded the critical value. Most pear orchards had surplus potassium, with 26.92% exceeding 500 kg/ha. This study provides a basis for soil improvement, high-quality production of fruits, and efficient utilization of pear orchards in Beijing.

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Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on fertilization and fruit set in date palms

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Temperatures during flower bud development affect pollen germination, self‐incompatibility reaction and early fruit development of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.)

Temperatures during flower bud development affect pollen germination, self‐incompatibility reaction and early fruit development of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.)

Aspergillus niger, the causal agent of black mould disease in date fruits, infects and colonizes flowers and young fruitlets

Analysis of Nutrient Input and Soil Nutrient Profit and Loss of Pear Orchards in Beijing

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