Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Results of Nested PCRs for Scrub Typhus

Kim, Dong-Min; Byun, Joo Nam

doi:10.1128/jcm.00634-08

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…IgG antibody titers increase substantially during the first two weeks after onset in human cases [69]. In these murine models, detection of IgG seroconversion by IFA was earliest and most consistent in high dose i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine models of scrub typhus associated with host control of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection

Mendell¹,

Bouyer²,

Walker³

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundScrub typhus, a febrile illness of substantial incidence and mortality, is caused by infection with the obligately intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is estimated that there are more than one million cases annually transmitted by the parasitic larval stage of trombiculid mites in the Asia-Pacific region. The antigenic and genetic diversity of the multiple strains of O. tsutsugamushi hinders the advancement of laboratory diagnosis, development of long-lasting vaccine-induced protection, and interpretation of clinical infection. Despite the life-threatening severity of the illness in hundreds of thousands of cases annually, 85–93% of patients survive, often without anti-rickettsial treatment. To more completely understand the disease caused by Orientia infection, animal models which closely correlate with the clinical manifestations, target cells, organ involvement, and histopathologic lesions of human cases of scrub typhus should be employed. Previously, our laboratory has extensively characterized two relevant C57BL/6 mouse models using O. tsutsugamushi Karp strain: a route-specific intradermal model of infection and persistence and a hematogenously disseminated dose-dependent lethal model.Principal findingsTo complement the lethal model, here we illustrate a sublethal model in the same mouse strain using the O. tsutsugamushi Gilliam strain, which resulted in dose-dependent severity of illness, weight loss, and systemic dissemination to endothelial cells of the microcirculation and mononuclear phagocytic cells. Histopathologic lesions included expansion of the pulmonary interstitium by inflammatory cell infiltrates and multifocal hepatic lesions with mononuclear cellular infiltrates, renal interstitial lymphohistiocytic inflammation, mild meningoencephalitis, and characteristic typhus nodules.SignificanceThese models parallel characteristics of human cases of scrub typhus, and will be used in concert to understand differences in severity which lead to lethality or host control of the infection and to address the explanation for short duration of heterologous immunity in Orientia infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine models of scrub typhus associated with host control of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection

Mendell¹,

Bouyer²,

Walker³

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…The serological tests for Rickettsia were detected by indirect IFA (Blacksell et al., 2007). PCR targeting the Orientia tsutsugamushi 56 kD protein gene (Kim and Byun, 2008) and the GroEL gene of Ehrlichia were performed (Lee et al., 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Three Clustered Cases Co‐Infected with Lyme Disease and Rickettsioses

Xuefei

Qin

Xiaodi

et al. 2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Lyme disease and rickettsioses are two common diseases in China. However, the concomitant occurrence of both diseases in a single individual has been reported infrequently in literature. We reported three related female patients admitted at Beijing Ditan Hospital from October to December 2010. They had similar epidemiological histories. At the beginning, they only got a single diagnosis, respectively, but after specific screenings, the final diagnoses were made. Because arthropods can harbour more than one disease-causing agent, patients can be infected with more than one pathogen at the same time, so the possibility of co-infection could be higher than what was thought previously. These observations suggested that clinicians should enhance the complete screening of arthropod-related infectious diseases so as to make an accurate diagnosis and to avoid diagnostic errors.

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“… 29 , 82 In contrast to eschar PCR, buffy-coat positivity by PCR (scrub typhus) falls to 10%, 4 days after treatment. 83 Sometimes, typical eschars are not observed, and in such situations PCR or immunohistochemical staining methods using eschar-like crust lesions will be useful. 80 , 84 …”

Section: Risk Factors Determining Severity and Outcome In Scrub Typhumentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrub typhus: risks, diagnostic issues, and management challenges

Prakash¹

2017

RRTM

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Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness in the “tsutsugamushi triangle”, transmitted by chiggers that can be treated effectively if detected early. Laboratory testing, including molecular and serological assays, is needed for confirming the diagnosis, especially in the absence of the pathognomonic eschar. In this review, factors that play a role in disease occurrence and clinical clues for diagnosis, in addition to risk factors contributing to disease severity, including mortality, are discussed in detail. Moreover, issues related to diagnostic assays, treatment, and mixed infections are also enumerated and described.

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Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Results of Nested PCRs for Scrub Typhus

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Murine models of scrub typhus associated with host control of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection

Murine models of scrub typhus associated with host control of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Three Clustered Cases Co‐Infected with Lyme Disease and Rickettsioses

Scrub typhus: risks, diagnostic issues, and management challenges

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