Effects of annealing on SnS films produced by chemical bath deposition (CBD)

Abstract

Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were produced on glass substrates at 65 ºC by chemical bath deposition (CBD). Two of the obtained five identical films were annealed in an air atmosphere while the other two were annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The effects of annealing (at 150 °C and 250 °C in air and nitrogen atmospheres) on the optical, structural, and electrical properties of the films were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Hall-effect measurement. The energy band gap of as-deposited SnS thin film was determined to be 1.16 eV, and it was observed to change with annealing. All of the as-deposited and annealed SnS films had orthorhombic structures. The optical phonon modes to orthorhombic SnS phases were determined by Raman shifts. The carrier type of all SnS films was identified as p-type using Hall measurement, and the changing carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity values of the films were investigated depending on annealing conditions. The p-type SnS film can be used as an alternative material for the absorber layer in p-n heterojunction solar cell applications.

Photoelectrochemical Properties and Characterization of CdS/CdSe Heterojunctions Obtained by CBD on ITO and p–Si Substrates

“…[13][14][15] Higher quality films can be produced with this method, which depends on slowing down the reaction in the solution, since the pH, concentration, deposition temperature, and time of the solution can be controlled. We have employed the CBD technique in our lab to produce thin films of CdS, [16] CdSe, [17] ZnS, [18] ZnSe, [19] SnS, [20] and CdS/CdSe. [10] Moreover, CdSe was obtained as a nanowire (NW) structure using the CBD method on various substrates.…”

Flexible and Hand-Printed Photodetector Based on Mg–SnS Nanoflakes

“…Devices made of paper frequently use printed electronics, just like other flexible electronics. It is possible to deposit components like conductive inks and polymers into the paper substrate using methods like inkjet, hand-print, and screen printing, enabling affordable and scalable manufacture. − Other deposition techniques, including a drop-cast technique, electrophoresis, chemical bath deposition (CBD), in situ deposition, and many more ,− also may be employed on paper as substrates. Paper-based wearable gadgets are ideal for applications that can be used only temporarily.…”

Chemical vapor reaction synthesis and photoelectronic properties of CuS and Cu3SbS4 thin films

“…In recent years, the metal chalcogenides have attracted widespread attention and research in the application of optoelectronic devices due to their unique structure and properties [1][2][3][4]. The vast majority of chalcogenide semiconductor materials exhibit n-type semiconductor characteristics due to anionic vacancy defects [5,6], while p-type materials are helpful in forming p-n junctions to enhance performance in device applications.…”