Effects of an Interactive Computer Game Exercise Regimen on Balance Impairment in Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Szturm, Tony; Betker, Aimee L.; Moussavi, Zahra; Desai, Ankur R.; Goodman, Valerie

doi:10.2522/ptj.20090205

Cited by 138 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Of the 29 studies that used a RCT or pre-posttest design, 21 studies included an exercise control intervention (9,13,32,33,38,43,44,47,49,53,55,57,60,64,65,67,69,72,73,80,81). The methodological quality of these 21 studies according to the PEDro classification scale is presented in Table 6.…”

Section: Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodological quality of these 21 studies according to the PEDro classification scale is presented in Table 6. The PEDro scores show that most of the studies had several methodological weaknesses, with only four studies achieving more than 5 of the 10 criteria (33,38,64,81). Most studies fulfilled the criteria "random allocation" and "point estimates and variability".…”

Section: Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary aim of the reviewed studies was to evaluate the potential effect of gaming/VR exercise on balance, either alone (9,12,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46), in combination with other physical abilities such as strength or mobility (11,13,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51), or in combination with falls or fear of falling, cognition, quality of life, or user experience (52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62). Seven studies investigated the effect of gaming/VR exercise on gait parameters (63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69), and six studies examined the effectiveness with regard to different physical functions and associated fall risk (10,(70)(71)(72)…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining studies included different patient groups living at home, in nursing or retirement homes, or in-hospital patients, either as the only study sample or in combination with healthy older adults ( Table 3). (33,59). Five of the custom-designed games targeted walking and stepping movements and used either a treadmill with a VR simulation (63,64,68), the Xavix Measured…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As can be seen in Table 4, the studies utilizing commercially available exergames targeted a wide variety of physical functions and activities, with balance being the main target of improvement (see Table 4 for references). For the custom-designed games three functions were mainly targeted; balance (9,33,36,38,39,46,54,59,61), walking/stepping (41,51,(62)(63)(64)68), and strength (67, 79). …”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and rehabilitation delivered through exergames in older adults: An integrative review of technologies, safety and efficacy

Skjæret

Nawaz

Morat

et al. 2016

International Journal of Medical Informatics

271

184

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Background: There has been a rapid increase in research on the use of virtual reality (VR) and gaming technology as a complementary tool in exercise and rehabilitation in the elderly population. Although a few recent studies have evaluated their efficacy, there is currently no in-depth description and discussion of different game technologies, physical functions targeted, and safety issues related to older adults playing exergames. Objectives: This integrative review provides an overview of the technologies and games used, progression, safety measurements and associated adverse events, adherence to exergaming, outcome measures used, and their effect on physical function. Methods: We undertook systematic searches of SCOPUS and PubMed databases. Key search terms included "game", "exercise", and "aged", and were adapted to each database. To be included, studies had to involve older adults aged 65 years or above, have a pre-post training or intervention design, include ICT-implemented games with weight-bearing exercises, and have outcome measures that included physical activity variables and/or clinical tests of physical function. Results: Sixty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies had a broad range of aims and intervention designs and mostly focused on community-dwelling healthy older adults. The majority of the studies used commercially available gaming technologies that targeted a number of different physical functions. Most studies reported that they had used some form of safety measure during intervention. None of the studies reported serious adverse events. However, only 21 studies (35%) reported on whether adverse events occurred. Twenty-four studies reported on adherence, but only seven studies (12%) compared adherence to exergaming with other forms of exercise. Clinical measures of balance were the most frequently used outcome measures. PEDro scores indicated that most studies had several methodological problems, with only 4 studies fulfilling 6 or more criteria out of 10. Several studies found positive effects of exergaming on balance and gait, while none reported negative effects. 2 function in older adults, with few reported adverse events. As there is large variability between studies in terms of intervention protocols and outcome measures, as well as several methodological limitations, recommendations for both practice and further research are provided in order to successfully establish exergames as an exercise and rehabilitation tool for older adults.

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