Effects of an Appearance-Focused Interpretation Training Intervention on Eating Disorder Symptoms

Summers, Berta J.; Cougle, Jesse R.

doi:10.1017/s1352465818000164

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A final study successfully used an appearance-based CBM-I to modify social-and appearance-related interpretation bias in those with heightened body dysmorphia symptomology (Summers & Cougle, 2016). CBM-I significantly reduced self-reported bulimia symptoms in those with high pre-treatment symptomatology; however there was no impact on drive for thinness (Summers & Cougle, 2018). No study has directly investigated the effects of an appearance-based CBM-I on eating disorder psychopathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new cognitive bias modification technique to influence risk factors for eating disorders

Matheson

Wade

Yiend

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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The results support the usefulness of the CBM-I for appearance protocol, and suggests that this technique warrants further investigation with respect to modifying interpretation bias and risk factors associated with eating disorder psychopathology. Null effects of CBM-I for self-worth should be interpreted in light of study limitations, including the potential unsuitability of training material for young women. CBM-I for both types of interpretation bias should be evaluated in future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new cognitive bias modification technique to influence risk factors for eating disorders

Matheson

Wade

Yiend

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Secondly, the training intensity may have been too low, since it comprised only six 10-min sessions within two weeks. In contrast, earlier studies achieved positive results, at least on negative interpretation bias, when using CBM-I of comparable or even shorter length [23][24][25][26][27][45][46][47]. When CBM-I consisted of a single session, however, post-assessment took place directly after training and longer-term efficacy remained unclear [25,26,46], or the effects were not entirely maintained at follow-up [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Despite mixed results in meta-analyses [20,21], CBM-I has shown potential to reduce psychopathology [22]. So far, seven studies have examined CBM-I in the domain of body image/ eating disorders (for review see [19]), of which four studies investigated appearance-based CBM-I approaches [23][24][25][26][27]. The latter showed significant positive effects on negative interpretation biases as well as corresponding symptomatology, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In three of these paradigms, an ambiguous scenario is described that is either preceded by a benign connoted word (e.g. "cheerful") [23,24], positively resolved by the final word of the scenario [23,24,26], or that has to be imagined in a positive way [25]. The fourth paradigm involved categorical (thin vs. fat) judgments of varying body sizes, favoring fatness judgments [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth paradigm involved categorical (thin vs. fat) judgments of varying body sizes, favoring fatness judgments [27]. As participants answer a comprehension question and/or receive feedback after each trial [23,24,26,27], and positive imagination is particularly instructed [25], these CBM-I interventions can be seen as rather explicit, i.e. addressing deliberate, conscious cognitive processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpretation bias modification to reduce body dissatisfaction – a randomized controlled pilot study in women with elevated weight and shape concerns

et al. 2020

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Background: Recent research has identified several cognitive biases in patients with eating disorders, such as a tendency to interpret ambiguous information about one's own body in a negative way. The so-called "negative interpretation bias" is considered to be a key factor in maintaining maladaptive cognitions and behaviors in eating disorders. Studies on modification of the negative interpretation bias in eating disorders have yielded mixed results. This randomized controlled pilot study examined whether a specially adapted, computerized version of the Scrambled Sentences Task modifies negative interpretation bias in women with elevated body dissatisfaction. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 normal-weight women with elevated body dissatisfaction, randomly assigned either to an intervention or a no-intervention control group (each n = 20). The intervention group received six sessions (within two weeks) of a newly-developed interpretation bias modification training that involved unscrambling positively valenced, body image-related sentences. The control group received no intervention. In both groups, body image-related negative interpretation bias (main outcome), trait body dissatisfaction and thinideal cue reactivity were assessed at baseline and two weeks later. Additionally, in the intervention condition, the trajectory of expected reductions in the thin-ideal internalization was measured during each training session. Results: In both conditions, body image-related negative interpretation bias and trait body dissatisfaction decreased significantly from pre-to post-assessment; however, a specific effect imparted by the interpretation bias modification training was not found. Groups did not differ in thin-ideal cue reactivity. In the intervention group, thin-ideal internalization decreased significantly over the training sessions. Conclusions: The findings do not support use of body image-related interpretation bias modification in its current form in the treatment of body dissatisfaction. Further research involving different versions of the training and clinical samples is warranted.

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Internet‐based interpretation bias modification for body dissatisfaction: A three‐armed randomized controlled trial

Dietel

Zache

Bürkner

et al. 2020

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Appearance-related interpretation bias is postulated to play a role in the maintenance of body dissatisfaction (BD), a risk factor for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and eating disorders (ED). Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) has been shown to reduce maladaptive interpretation bias and symptoms in various emotional disorders. This study investigated the acceptability and efficacy of an easily disseminable, web-based CBM-I program for BD. Methods: Individuals with high BD (N = 318) were randomized to a multi-session CBM-I (Sentence Word Association Paradigm [SWAP] with feedback) vs. control (SWAP without feedback) versus waitlist condition. Interpretation bias, BD and associated symptoms were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Symptoms were monitored up to 1-week and 4-week follow-up. We further investigated transference effects to stress reactivity, as predicted by cognitive-behavioral models, at postintervention. Results: Appearance-related CBM-I led to a differential pre-post increase in adaptive interpretation patterns, particularly for appearance-related and social situations (d = 0.65-1.18). Both CBM-I and control training reduced BD, BDD symptom severity, and depression. However, CBM-I (vs. control and waitlist) improved appearance-related quality of life (d = 0.51), self-esteem (d = 0.52), and maladaptive appearance-related beliefs (d = 0.47). State stress reactivity was overall reduced in the CBM-I condition (vs. waitlist). Intervention effects largely held stable up to follow-ups. Treatment satisfaction was comparable to other CBM-I studies, with low rates of adverse reactions.Discussion: These findings support assumptions of cognitive-behavioral models for BD, BDD, and ED, and suggest that web-based CBM-I is an efficacious and acceptable intervention option. K E Y W O R D S body dissatisfaction, body dysmorphic disorder, cognitive bias modification, eating disorders, internet treatment, interpretation bias

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Effects of an Appearance-Focused Interpretation Training Intervention on Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract: The current study suggests that cognitive interventions for individuals with primary BDD symptoms may improve co-occurring ED symptoms such as bulimia.

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

A new cognitive bias modification technique to influence risk factors for eating disorders

A new cognitive bias modification technique to influence risk factors for eating disorders

Interpretation bias modification to reduce body dissatisfaction – a randomized controlled pilot study in women with elevated weight and shape concerns

Internet‐based interpretation bias modification for body dissatisfaction: A three‐armed randomized controlled trial

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