Effects of Amount and Availability of Starch on Amylolytic Activity of Ruminal Solid-Associated Microorganisms

Nozière, Pierre; Michalet-Doreau, B.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199704)73:4<471::aid-jsfa754>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Activities (specific or total) of enzymes involved in starch degradation (amylase and a-D-glucosidase) in the LAP (Tables 3 and 4 ) and in the SAB (Tables 5 and 6 ) were much higher for Diet C than for Diet F. These microbial amylolytic activities increased after feed intake for Diet C, but they were comparable 1 h before and 3 h after feeding for Diet F. Such variations in microbial starch-degrading enzyme activities with time after ingesting a mixed diet have been previously observed (Martin et al, 1993). Because bacterial amylases are inductible enzymes (Cotta, 1988;Kotarski et al, 1992), barley supplementation of forage diets may favor the development of amylolytic microorganisms (Dehority and Orpin, 1997) and their activities (Nozière and Michalet-Doreau, 1997). In addition, amylase activities (specific or total) in the two microbial populations were not affected by sampling site ( P > .1), suggesting a nonspecific distribution of amylase enzymes among the ruminal microorganisms.…”

Section: Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Activities In Liquid-associatsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Activities in the SAB of enzymes involved in forage degradation were maximal 1 h before feeding the animals for both diets and were significantly lower for Diet C than for Diet F (Tables 5 and 6). This decrease in fibrolytic activity of the solid-associated microorganisms in response to starch supplementation leads to the reduced ruminal degradation of plant cell walls (Nozière and Michalet-Doreau, 1997). The low rumi- nal pH characterizing Diet C and(or) the soluble carbohydrates released from degradation of barley may decrease activity of the fibrolytic activities of the SAB (Huhtanen and Khalili, 1992;Martin and Michalet-Doreau, 1995).…”

Section: Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Activities In Liquid-associatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of sampling site on concentrations and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activities of protozoa and bacteria in the rumen.

Martin

Devillard

Michalet-Doreau

1999

Journal of Animal Science

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Four ruminally cannulated cows were used to assess the distribution of the concentrations and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activities of the liquid-associated protozoa (LAP) and solid-associated bacteria (SAB) in the rumen. The cows were fed diets (7 kg of DM/d) of 100% hay (Diet F) or 60% barley plus 40% hay (Diet C) in a 2 x 2 crossover experimental design. Samples of ruminal digesta were collected successively from the dorsal (DS), ventral (VS), and anterior (AS) sacs 1h before and 3 h after the morning feeding on two sampling days with a 2-d interval. Irrespective of diet and sampling time, the greatest proportion of entodiniomorphs, representing the main population of protozoa, was found in the DS (40% mean; P< .05). Low pH values observed in the DS (P < .05) indicated higher fermentative activity in this site than in the other parts of the rumen. Protozoa may contribute more than previously thought to the high digestive potential present at the top of the rumen that has classically been attributed to bacteria. The specific activity of plant cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the LAP was correspondingly greater (P < .05) for DS than for VS or AS. For the two diets and sampling times, specific activity of fibrolytic enzymes in the SAB tended to be less in the upper than in the lower parts of the rumen, and less in the VS than in the AS. This tendency became significant (P < .05) for total fibrolytic enzyme activity. Differences in bacterial colonization of particles among the three sampling sites may explain such differences in fibrolytic activity of the SAB. Data suggest a spatio-temporal complementary action of the bacteria and protozoa in ruminal plant cell wall degradation, at least with the barley diet, for which the number of protozoa was highest.

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Section: Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Activities In Liquid-associatsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Activities In Liquid-associatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of sampling site on concentrations and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activities of protozoa and bacteria in the rumen.

Martin

Devillard

Michalet-Doreau

1999

Journal of Animal Science

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“…This is in line with the fact that in situ underestimates ruminal digestion for slowly degradable starch (Nocek & Tamminga, 1991;Offner & Sauvant, 2004). This may be related to a lower accessibility of starch to microbes, thus a lower expression of amylase activity in the bags (Nozière & Michalet-Doreau, 1997), where grains are not submitted to mastication. Nevertheless, the extent of the difference between in situ and in vivo measurements (24 g/100 g in the present study) is surprisingly high, but remains consistent with results previously obtained with a dent variety (Nozière et al 2003).…”

Section: Digestibility and Ruminal Digestion Of Organic Matter Starcsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of site of starch digestion on portal nutrient net fluxes in steers

Nozière

Rémond²,

Lemosquet³

et al. 2005

Br J Nutr

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Processing of maize grain is known to modulate the site of starch digestion, thus the nature and amount of nutrients delivered for absorption. We assessed the effect of site of starch digestion on nutrient net fluxes across portal-drained viscera (PDV). Three steers, fitted with permanent digestive cannulas and blood catheters, successively received two diets containing 35 % starch as dent maize grain. Diets differed according to maize presentation: dry and cracked (by-pass, BP) v. wet and ground (control, C). Ruminal physicochemical parameters were not significantly affected. Between C and BP, the decrease in ruminal starch digestion was compensated by an increase in starch digestion in the small intestine. The amount of glucose and soluble a-glucoside reaching the ileum was not affected. The amount of glucose disappearing in the small intestine increased from 238 to 531 g/d between C and BP, but portal net flux of glucose remained unchanged (297 g/d). The portal O 2 consumption and net energy release were not significantly affected, averaging 16 % and 57 % of metabolizable energy intake, respectively. The whole-body glucose appearance rate, measured by jugular infusion of [6,6-2 H 2 ]glucose, averaged 916 g/d.The present study shows that the increase in the amount of glucose disappearing in the small intestine of conventionally fed cattle at a moderate intake level induces no change in portal net flux of glucose, reflecting an increase in glucose utilization by PDV. That could contribute to the low response of whole-body glucose appearance rate observed at this moderate level of intestinal glucose supply.

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“…One of the most important measures in the evaluation of starch sources is the response of rumen microbes and associated fermentation products. The amylolytic activity of rumen bacteria increases with starch availability (Noziere & Michalet − Doreau, 1997). The rumen amylolytic group is mainly composed of Ruminococcaceae (Xia et al., 2015), including Ruminococcus bromii , Prevotellaceae represented by Prevotella ruminicola , and the genus Butyrivibrio (Wallace et al., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fermentation products. The amylolytic activity of rumen bacteria increases with starch availability (Noziere & Michalet − Doreau, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pineapple stem starch feeding on rumen microbial fermentation, blood lipid profile, and growth performance of fattening cattle

Khongpradit

Boonsaen

Homwong

et al. 2020

Animal Science Journal

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Corn and cassava are readily available and are the most popular starch sources in Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. However, the cost of these starch sources has risen due to increasing interest in their use for animal feed, especially in ruminant livestock. Indeed, corn and cassava as ruminant feed ingredients have become highly competitive (Wanapat et al., 2012). On the other hand, byproducts of agricultural and pharmaceutical industries have replaced some corn and cassava recently. One such byproduct is pineapple stem starch (PS), the residue from the extraction of bromelain enzyme, which is mainly intended for pharmaceutical use. PS is high in starch content, in particular, amylose, compared with corn and cassava (Nakthong et al., 2017). The availability of PS in terms of amount and price may allow this material to be applied to animal feed as an alternative cost effective energy source to corn and cassava. However, no detailed evaluation in relation to demand and impact on the feed market has been made for potential application of PS to ruminant livestock, in particular, fattening cattle, the main target of such new starch sources. Ruminal hydrolysis of a starchy diet is not simply a process by which ⍺−1, 4 and 1, 6 linkages are cleaved by amylase enzymes, as other factors besides starch breakdown exist. In fact, among the many starch sources available as a concentrate ingredient, considerable variations exist in chemical and physical characteristics including proportions of amylose and amylopectin, starch-associated lipids and proteins, and size of starch granules (Stevnebo et al., 2009; Svihus et al., 2005), all of which affect the rate and extent of starch hydrolysis and fermentation in the rumen. Therefore, all of these factors need to be considered, especially when a new starch source is evaluated. One of the most important measures in the evaluation of starch sources is the response of rumen microbes and associated

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Effects of Amount and Availability of Starch on Amylolytic Activity of Ruminal Solid-Associated Microorganisms

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of sampling site on concentrations and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activities of protozoa and bacteria in the rumen.

Influence of sampling site on concentrations and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activities of protozoa and bacteria in the rumen.

Effect of site of starch digestion on portal nutrient net fluxes in steers

Effect of pineapple stem starch feeding on rumen microbial fermentation, blood lipid profile, and growth performance of fattening cattle

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