Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry in aPicea abies (L.) Karst. stand

Majdi, Hooshang; Rosengren-Brinck, Ulrika

doi:10.1007/bf01416091

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Nilsson and Wiklund, 1992), there is also a high demand for those nutrients in above-ground tree parts. The low concentration of Mg and Ca of fine roots in the LFH layer in the NS plots was accompanied by Mg and Ca concentrations in the current needles in 1990 (Majdi and Rosengren-Brink, 1994). This is supported by data from Haug and Feger (1990), who showed that base cations were mobilized and leached into mineral soil when ammonium sulphate was applied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the chemistry of bulk soil, rhizosphere, fine roots and fine-root distribution in a Picea abies (L.) karst. stand

Majdi

Persson

1995

Plant Soil

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A b s t r a c tThe effect of ammonium sulphate application on the bulk and rhizosphere soil chemistry, elemental concentration of living fine roots (< 2 mm in diameter), amounts of living and dead fine roots, root length density and specific root length density were investigated in a 28 year old Norway spruce stand in SW Sweden. The treatments started in 1988. Core samples of the LFH layer and mineral soil layers were sampled in control (C) and ammonium sulphate (NS) treatment plots in 1988, 1989 and 1990. Soil pH and NO3-S and SOn-S, A1, Ca, Mg, Mn and K concentrations were measured for both the bulk soil and rhizosphere soil.The pH -values of the bulk and rhizosphere soil decreased in 1989 and 1990 in NS plots compared to control plots, while the SO4-S concentration increased. The Ca, Mg and K concentration increased in the NS treatment in almost all layers in the bulk and the rhizosphere soil. Ammonium ions may have replaced these elements in the soil organic matter. The NS treatment reduced Mg concentration in fine roots in all layers in 1990. The A1 concentrations in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were higher in NS plots in all layers, except at 0-10 cm depth, both in 1989 and 1990. The A1 content of living fine roots was higher in NS plots than C plots but the differences were not significant. The NS addition did not affect the P and K contents of fine roots in any soil layer, but the S concentrations of fine roots were significantly higher in NS plots in 1989 and 1990. The fine root necromass was higher in NS than in C in 1990, in the LFH layer, indicating a gradual decrease in the vitality of the fine roots. It was suggested that the NS treatment resulted in displacement of Mg and K from exchange sites in the LFH layer leading to leaching of these cations to the mineral soil. Further application of ammonium sulphate may damage the fine roots and consequently adversely affect the water and nutrient uptake of root systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the chemistry of bulk soil, rhizosphere, fine roots and fine-root distribution in a Picea abies (L.) karst. stand

Majdi

Persson

1995

Plant Soil

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“…An increase of fine root N concentrations was observed in Norway spruce forests along a deposition gradient from northern Europe (low N input) to central Europe (high N input) (Hö gberg et al 1998). Application of ammonium sulphate (100 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ) enhanced the N concentration of fine roots in a 28-year old Norway spruce stand in Sweden (Majdi and Rosengren-Brinck 1994). In the same study, Persson et al (1995) found no effect on fine root biomass, but the amount of fine root necromass increased and the live/dead ratio of fine roots dropped from 2.2 to 0.9 in the humus layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Biomass, morphology and nutrient contents of fine roots in four Norway spruce stands

2007

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Fine root systems may respond to soil chemical conditions, but contrasting results have been obtained from field studies in non-manipulated forests with distinct soil chemical properties. We investigated biomass, necromass, live/dead ratios, morphology and nutrient concentrations of fine roots (<2 mm) in four mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands of south-east Germany, encompassing variations in soil chemical properties and climate. All stands were established on acidic soils (pH (CaCl 2 ) range 2.8-3.8 in the humus layer), two of the four stands had molar ratios in soil solution below 1 and one of the four stands had received a liming treatment 22 years before the study. Soil cores down to 40 cm mineral soil depth were taken in autumn and separated into four fractions: humus layer, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. We found no indications of negative effects of N availability on fine root properties despite large variations in inorganic N seepage fluxes (4-34 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ), suggesting that the variation in N deposition between 17 and 26 kg N ha -1 yr -1 does not affect the fine root system of Norway spruce. Fine root biomass was largest in the humus layer and increased with the amount of organic matter stored in the humus layer, indicating that the vertical pattern of fine roots is largely affected by the thickness of this horizon. Only two stands showed significant differences in fine root biomass of the mineral soil which can be explained by differences in soil chemical conditions. The stand with the lowest total biomass had the lowest Ca/Al ratio of 0.1 in seepage, however, Al, Ca, Mg and K concentrations of fine roots were not different among the stands. The Ca/Al ratio in seepage might be a less reliable stress parameter because another stand also had Ca/Al ratios in seepage far below the critical value of 1.0 without any signs of fine root damages. Large differences in the live/dead ratio were positively correlated with the Mn concentration of live fine roots from the mineral soil. This relationship was attributed to faster decay of dead fine roots because Mn is known as an essential element of lignin degrading enzymes. It is questionable if the live/dead ratio can be used as a vitality parameter of fine roots since both longevity of fine roots and decay of root litter may affect this parameter. Morphological properties were different in the humus layer of one stand that was limed in 1983, indicating that a single lime dose of 3-4 Mg ha -1 has a long-lasting effect on fine root architecture of Norway spruce. Almost no differences were found in morphological properties in the mineral soil among the stands, but vertical patterns were apparently different. Two stands with high base saturation in the subsoil showed a vertical decrease in specific root length and specific root tip density whereas the other two stands showed an opposite pattern or no effect. Our results suggest that proliferation of fine roots increased with decreasing base saturation in the subsoil of Norway spruce stands.

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“…Living roots (B/5 mm in diameter) were sorted out and weighed separately. Living roots were separated by hand from ''dead'' roots on the basis of colour, brittleness, structure of the cortex or bark and colour of the stele or xylem (Majdi & Rosengren-Brink, 1994;Majdi, 1996). Living roots are firmer and more resilient, and have good adhesion between the cortex and periderm.…”

Section: Soil and Root Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of tree species on soil carbon stocks and soil acidity in southern Sweden

Oostra

Majdi²,

Olsson

2006

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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The impact of tree species on soil carbon stocks and acidity in southern Sweden was studied in a non-replicated plantation with monocultures of 67-year-old ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), beech (Fagus silvatica L.), elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.). The site was characterized by a cambisol on glacial till. Volume-determined soil samples were taken from the O-horizon and mineral soil layers to 20 cm. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH (H 2 O), cation-exchange capacity and base saturation at pH 7 and exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium ions were analysed in the soil fraction B/2 mm. Root biomass ( B/5 mm in diameter) and its proportion in the forest floor and mineral soil varied between tree species. There was a vertical gradient under all species, with the highest concentrations of SOC, TN and base cations in the O-horizon and the lowest in the 10 Á20 cm layer. The tree species differed with respect to SOC, TN and soil acidity in the O-horizon and mineral soil. For SOC and TN, the range in the O-horizon was spruce /hornbeam /oak /beech /ash /elm. The pH in the O-horizon ranged in the order elm/ash /hornbeam /beech /oak /spruce. In the mineral soil, SOC and TN ranged in the order elm/oak /ash 0/hornbeam /spruce/beech, i.e. partly reversed, and pH ranged in the same order as for the O-horizon. It is suggested that spruce is the best option for fertile sites in southern Sweden if the aim is a high carbon sequestration rate, whereas elm, ash and hornbeam are the best solutions if the aim is a low soil acidification rate.

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Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry in aPicea abies (L.) Karst. stand

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the chemistry of bulk soil, rhizosphere, fine roots and fine-root distribution in a Picea abies (L.) karst. stand

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the chemistry of bulk soil, rhizosphere, fine roots and fine-root distribution in a Picea abies (L.) karst. stand

Biomass, morphology and nutrient contents of fine roots in four Norway spruce stands

Impact of tree species on soil carbon stocks and soil acidity in southern Sweden

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