Effects of ammonium and nitrate on mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris<sup>1</sup>

Termorshuizen, A.J.; Ket, P.C.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1991.tb00777.x

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In some studies a stronger inhibition of mycorrhizal formation was observed for NO $ − (Bigg, 1981 cited in Alexander (1983) ; Rudawska, 1986 ;Holopainen & Heinonen-Tanski, 1993), whereas in other studies mycorrhizal formation was adversely affected by NH % + (Jentschke, Godbold & Hu$ ttermann, 1989 ;Termorshuizen & Ket, 1991 ;Wallander & Nylund, 1991). These contradictory results are probably due to strain-specific variations in the ability of ECM fungi to utilize NO $ − or NH % + (France & Reid, 1984 ;Ho & Trappe, 1980).…”

Section: Effects Of Varied N Treatments On Ectomycorrhizas In Plantatmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Termorshuizen & Ket (1991) found no effect on the percentage of pine root tips mycorrhizal with Paxillus involutus at 10 kg N ha −" yr −"…”

Section: Effects Of Increased Nitrogen Availability On Mycorrhizal Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, greater root diameters have been reported in response to increased N availability both in pot and in field experiments (Termorshuizen & Ket, 1991 ;Gorissen, Jansen & Olsthoorn, 1993, ClemenssonLindell & Asp, 1995Seith et al, 1996). Therefore, changes in root system morphology appear to be better indicators of the effects of increasing N inputs than changes in root biomass per se (Haug et al, 1992).…”

Section: Effects Of Soil Nitrogen On Fine Root Production and Shoot :mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below-ground the mycorrhizal roots themselves seem to be less responsive to the application of similar rates, suggesting higher critical loads might be applicable here. Additions of 40-60 kg N ha −" were required to decrease the percentage of ECM roots in several pot and field experiments (Menge et al, 1977 ;Taylor & Alexander, 1989 ;Termorshuizen & Ket, 1991), though other studies indicate even higher N addition might be necessary to produce negative effects (see Tables 2, 3). The use of seedlings, grown in largely artificial pot environments in most of those experiments, constrains the use of these data for the determination of critical loads for natural or seminatural ecosystems (Termorshuizen et al, 1988).…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

1998

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As a result of increasing anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, N availability in many forest ecosystems, which are normally N-limited, has been enhanced. We discuss the impacts of this increased N availability on the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis which is generally regarded as an adaptation to nutrient limited conditions. Nitrogen deposition can influence fruit-body formation by ECM fungi, the production and distribution of the extraradical mycelium in the soil and the formation of ectomycorrhizas.Available data from long-term N deposition studies indicate that the most prominent effects might be discernible above-ground (i.e. on the formation of fruit bodies). ' Generalist ' species, forming a symbiosis with a wide range of tree species, seem to be less affected by increased N availability than ' specialist ' species, especially those living in symbiosis with conifers. However, the importance of below-ground investigations to determine the impacts of N deposition on the ECM symbiosis must not be underestimated. Culture experiments show an optimum N concentration for the formation of extraradical mycelium and mycorrhizas. Often, negative effects only become visible at comparatively high N concentrations, but the use of a few easily cultivated species of ECM fungi, which are adapted to higher N concentrations, undermines our ability to generalize.So far, N deposition experiments in the field have only shown minor changes in the below-ground mycorrhizal population, as estimated from the investigation of mycorrhizal root tips. However, effects on the ECM mycelium, which is the main fungal component in terms of nutrient uptake, cannot be excluded and need further consideration.Because the photoassimilate supply from the plant to the fungal partner is crucial for the maintenance of the ECM symbiosis, we discuss the possible physiological implications of increasing N inputs on the allocation of C to the fungus. Together with ultrastructural changes, physiological effects might precede obvious visible changes and might therefore be useful early indicators of negative impacts of increasing N inputs on the ECM symbiosis.

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Section: Effects Of Varied N Treatments On Ectomycorrhizas In Plantatmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Termorshuizen & Ket (1991) found no effect on the percentage of pine root tips mycorrhizal with Paxillus involutus at 10 kg N ha −" yr −"…”

Section: Effects Of Increased Nitrogen Availability On Mycorrhizal Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Soil Nitrogen On Fine Root Production and Shoot :mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

1998

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“…This is in agreement with findings of Väre (1990), who found that different doses of N fertilization had no effect on growth of Scots pine seedlings. Nitrogen nutrition research has always been subjected to conflicted results that may be caused by differences in the nitrogen nutrition of mycorrhizal fungal species and their isolates (Termorshuizen and Ket, 1991). Some authors found greater below-biomass of plants at low N availability (Colpaert et al, 1999;Raich and Nadelhoffer, 1989) but even if the below-biomass was greater there was no significant differences in the above-ground biomass (Hobbie and Colpaert, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in nitrogen level and mycorrhizal structure of Scots pine seedlings inoculated with Thelephora terrestris

2008

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-• We investigated the influence of Thelephora terrestris, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, on the concentration of nitrogen in needles of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and their mycorrhizal structure within four seasons of growth.• Seedlings were grown in four treatments: (I) inoculated + 0.030 g N, (II) inoculated + 0.045 g N, (III) non-inoculated + 0.030 g N, (IV) non-inoculated + 0.045 g N under laboratory conditions and later planted in post-agricultural land.• For inoculated treatments, statistically significant differences in N concentration of needles were observed for two-and four-year-old seedlings. The number of ectomycorrhizae and concentration of N in needles were negatively correlated. After four seasons of growth the greatest numbers of ectomycorrhizae were present on seedlings from treatment II, and the smallest on seedlings from treatment IV.• Two-year-old seedlings had been colonized by at least six different fungal taxa, i.e. Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Rhizopogon sp., Suillus bovinus, Thelephora terrestris and a non-identified one. Treatments I and II were dominated by the ectomycorrhizae of T. terrestris and their number was significantly greater than in treatments III or IV. On four-year-old seedlings ectomycorrhizae of T. terrestris were dominated in all treatments, while ectomycorrhizae of Hebeloma sp. were not found.nitrogen / Scots pine / mycorrhizae / Thelephora terrestri / molecular detection Résumé -Modifications du niveau d'azote et de la structure mycorhizienne de semis de pin sylvestre inoculés par Thelephora terrestris.• L'influence du champignon ectomycorhizien Thelephora terrestris sur la concentration en azote dans les aiguilles de semis de pin sylvestre et sur la structure mycorhizienne des plants a été suivie durant quatre saisons de croissance.• Les semis ont été cultivés sous quatre traitements : (I) inoculé + 0,030 g N, (II) inoculés + 0,045 g N, (III) non inoculés + 0,030 g N, (IV) non inoculés + 0,045 g N, dans les conditions du laboratoire avant d'être plantés sur le terrain.• Dans les traitements d'inoculés, des différences significatives ont été observées dans la concentration des aiguilles en azote pour les semis de deux et quatre ans. Le nombre de mycorhizes et la concentration des aiguilles en azote étaient corrélés négativement. Après quatre saisons de croissance, le plus grand nombre de mycorhizes a été obtenu dans le traitement II et le plus petit dans le traitement IV.• Les semis de deux ans avaient été colonisés par au moins six taxons différents de champignon : Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Rhizopogon sp., Suillus bovinus, Thelephora terrestris et un autre taxon indéterminé. Dans les traitements I et II, les ectomycorhizes de T. terrestris dominaient et leur nombre était plus élevé que dans les traitements III et IV. Pour les semis de quatre ans, les ectomycorhizes de T. terrestris dominaient dans tous les traitements, tandis que celles de Hebeloma sp. étaient absentes.azote / pin sylvestre / mycorhizes / Thelephora t...

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Comparisons of ectomycorrhizae on pinyon pines (Pinus edulis; Pinaceae) across extremes of soil type and herbivory

Gehring

Whitham

1994

American J of Botany

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Using field and greenhouse studies, we examined the relationships among pinyon pines (Pinus edu/is), their ectomycorrhizal mutualists, and their moth herbivores as a function of soil fertility. We studied two soil types-the ash and cinder soils of the San Francisco volcanic field and nearby sandy loam soils. In the field, pinyons growing in cinders suffered from reduced moisture, negative nitrogen mineralization rates, low phosphate levels, reduced growth, and high moth herbivory relative to pinyons growing in sandy loam. Pinyons growing in cinders also had twofold higher levels ofectomycorrhizal colonization than their noncindercounterparts. Similarly, in the greenhouse, seedlings grown in cinders had higher levels ofectomycorrhizal colonization and greater numbers of ectomycorrhizae than seedlings grown in sandy loam. Seedling shoot growth was significantly enhanced by ectomycorrhizae in both soils. These patterns support three conclusions. First, field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that trees growing in nutrient-poor soils had higher levels of ectomycorrhizal colonization than trees growing in better soils. Second, across soil types, variation in ectomycorrhizal colonization was better predicted by soil fertility than by herbivory. However, herbivory negatively affected ectomycorrhizae in the stressful cinder environment. Third, although mycorrhizae can be parasitic under some conditions, ectomycorrhizae had mutualistic impacts on pinyon seedlings across the environmental extremes we studied.

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Effects of ammonium and nitrate on mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris¹

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

Changes in nitrogen level and mycorrhizal structure of Scots pine seedlings inoculated with Thelephora terrestris

Comparisons of ectomycorrhizae on pinyon pines (Pinus edulis; Pinaceae) across extremes of soil type and herbivory

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Effects of ammonium and nitrate on mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris1

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

Changes in nitrogen level and mycorrhizal structure of Scots pine seedlings inoculated with Thelephora terrestris

Comparisons of ectomycorrhizae on pinyon pines (Pinus edulis; Pinaceae) across extremes of soil type and herbivory

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Effects of ammonium and nitrate on mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris¹