Effects of ammonium and aluminium on the development and nutrition of Pinus nigra in hydroculture

Boxman, A.W.; Krabbendam, Hans; Bellemakers, M.J.S.; Roelofs, J.G.M.

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(91)90018-r

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is supported by data from Haug and Feger (1990) who showed that base cations were mobilised from the LFH layer and leached into the mineral soil when ammonium sulphate was applied. The significantly higher Mg concentration of the rhizosphere soil in the NS treatment in 1989 and 1990 and the lower fine-root concentration of Mg supports the idea that ammonium uptake competes strongly with cation uptake, especially Mg, and may even cause an efflux of these elements from the roots (Baule and Fricker, 1970;Boxman et al, 1991). Spruce roots take up ammonium rather than nitrate (Ek, 1993) with a negative effect on uptake ofMg (Schultze 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry in aPicea abies (L.) Karst. stand

Majdi

Rosengren-Brinck

1994

Plant Soil

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Rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry were investigated in a 28 year old Norway spruce stand in SW Sweden. The uptake and allocation pattern of plant nutrients and aluminium in control plots (C) and plots repeatedly treated with ammonium sulphate (NS) were compared. Treatments started in 1988. Current year needles, one-year-old needles and cylindrical core samples of the LFH-layer and the mineral soil layers were sampled in 1988, 1989 and 1990. Compared to the control plots, pH decreased significantly in the rhizosphere soil in the NS plots in 1989 and 1990 while the SO4-S concentration increased significantly. Aluminium concentration in the rhizosphere soil was generally higher in the NS plots in all soil layers, except at 0-10 cm depths, both in 1989 and 1990. Calcium, Mg and K concentrations also increased after treatment with ammonium sulphate. Ammonium ions may have replaced these elements in the soil organic matter. The NS treatment significantly reduced Mg concentrations in fine roots in all layers in t990. A similar trend was found in the needles. Ca concentrations in fine roots were significantly lower in the NS plots in the LFH layer in 1990 and the same pattern was found in the current needles. The N and S concentrations of both fine roots and needles were significantly higher in the NS plots. It was suggested that NS treatment resulted in displacement of Mg, Ca and K from exchange sites in the LFH layer leading to leaching of these cations to the mineral soil. Further application of ammonium sulphate may damage the fine roots and consequently adversely affect the water and nutrient uptake of root systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry in aPicea abies (L.) Karst. stand

Majdi

Rosengren-Brinck

1994

Plant Soil

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“…This is in accordance with the fact that in high nutrient concentration situations the general trend is a decrease in root length and number of ramification at excessive nutrient supply. The most common response to an increase in nitrate and ammonium concentration in the environment is a decrease in root : shoot ratio (Boxman et al 1991;Wang and Below 1996;Bauer and Berntson 1999) and a decrease in fine : coarse root ratio (Haynes and Goh 1978;Boxman et al 1991;Britto and Kronzucker 2006), as observed here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Combined effects of contrast between poor and rich patches and overall nitrate concentration on Arabidopsis thaliana root system structure

Blouin¹,

Puga-Freitas²

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. The law of correlative inhibition states that roots in a richer environment develop more intensively if other roots of the same plant are in a poorer environment. This probably occurs only when the cost of emitting these roots in the rich patch is compensated by the advantage of having more roots, i.e. in situations where the difference in concentration between rich and poor patches is strong or the overall nutrient amount in the environment is low. For the first time, we tested root system response to combined gradients of contrast between poor and rich patches and of overall NO 3 -concentration in agar gels. We set up a factorial in vitro experiment crossing contrast (null, weak, strong heterogeneity) with overall NO 3 -concentration (deficient, optimal, excessive). We observed an increase in ramification density with increasing heterogeneity in deficient situations; but a decrease with increasing heterogeneity in excessive situations. The interaction between overall NO 3 -concentration and heterogeneity had a significant effect on root ramification density and the distribution of root length in diameter classes. The overall nutrient status of the soil has to be considered to understand the effect of heterogeneity on plant development at the morphological as well as at the molecular level.Additional keywords: correlative inhibition law, heterogeneity, NO 3 -, root development and morphology, root length and ramification.

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“…Consequently, the physical capacity for uptake is diminished, particularly as fine roots are considered to be the most active in nutrient assimilation. Boxman et al (1991) showed that in Pinus nigra var. marititna excess ammonia caused an increase in shoot to root ratio, brought about by a decrease in fine roots.…”

Section: Plant Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Van Breeman & Van Dijk (1988) pointed out that not all studies show a correlation between tree decline and the mobilities of these ions in soils. Furthermore, it is possible that nutrient proportions in tissues are more important than 20-2 Boxman et al (1991) absolute levels (Van Dijk & Roelofs, 1988). Because of this, and the very complex chemistry of soils, it is difficult to separate the impact of ammonia from that of acidity.…”

Section: Soil Arid Platit Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants

1993

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SUMMARY Across Europe, total nitrogen deposition is increasing and, of this total, atmospheric ammonia can contribute up to 50–80%. Average deposition of ammonia in the UK is likely to be around 15–20 kg ha−1 yr−1, while in The Netherlands, which has some of the highest rates of deposition, this value is likely to be between 40 and 50 kg ha−1 yr−1. It is argued that because of the processes of assimilation and nitrification this ammonia is an acidifying pollutant. Ammonia taken up by plants is most likely to be directly assimilated and this uptake can have a strong effect on the nutrient imbalances of the plant. With root uptake in particular, anions are taken up in preference to cations. However, simple soil/plant nutrient measurements are unlikely to be a definitive means of monitoring ammonia pollution. This is because the processes of ammonia metabolism and acidification affect soil ion activity, mycorrhizas, plant uptake, and foliar leaching. These effects interact with acidity per se, and are compounded by the strong correlative co‐deposition of ammonia with sulphur. Evidence for uptake of gaseous and wet deposited ammonia by leaves is presented. The exact mechanism of ammonia toxicity is still not really clear, but could be due to physiological perturbation, rather than to the direct toxicity of the ion. Assimilation of ammonia by leaves releases protons which can cause cellular acidosis, and has important implications for acid‐base regulation in cells. This regulation depends on intrinsic features of the plant's metabolism, that is in turn dependent on the ecology of root versus leaf nitrogen nutrition under normal conditions. Certain species are more acidic in a leaf physiological sense and tend to be prone to damage by pollutants. Likewise, acidic habitats are particularly prone to damage through both eutrophication and the different capacities of plants both to utilize and to buffer against this nitrogen enrichment. The current evidence from The Netherlands suggests that the part this plays in perturbing the ecosystem should not be underestimated.

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Effects of ammonium and aluminium on the development and nutrition of Pinus nigra in hydroculture

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry in aPicea abies (L.) Karst. stand

Effects of ammonium sulphate application on the rhizosphere, fine-root and needle chemistry in aPicea abies (L.) Karst. stand

Combined effects of contrast between poor and rich patches and overall nitrate concentration on Arabidopsis thaliana root system structure

The deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants

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