Effects of ambient temperature on the route planning of electric freight vehicles

Rastani, Sina; Yuksel, Tugce; Çatay, Bülent

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.07.025

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The results of the research published in the paper do not take into account the impact of changes in outdoor temperature on electricity consumption (winter and summer operation), the impact of drivers' driving techniques, etc. The impetus for further discussions is seen in the issue of the winter operation of electrically powered vehicles (BEV), where there are significant differences in energy consumption as compared to operation at optimal temperature conditions [55]. The differences are mainly caused by the need to heat the vehicle, or steering wheel heating and seat heating, which significantly increases electricity consumption and causes a rapid reduction in the capacity of a vehicle battery, with low temperatures alone reducing battery capacity and operating efficiency [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

et al. 2021

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The European Parliament has adopted Directive 2019/1161 on the promotion of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient road transport vehicles, which also defines the obligations and forms of support for the procurement of environmentally friendly vehicles in urban logistics. The increase in the number of shipments delivered within e-commerce, which is also the result of the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a transition to a sustainable logistics system. New research questions are being raised in the preparation of new projects for the introduction of small electric commercial vehicles in particular. One of the main research questions about deployment itself is whether light commercial electric vehicles are able to fully replace conventionally powered vehicles. What operating conditions are optimal for the operation of them? How does load weight affect the energy efficiency of operating a light commercial electric vehicle? The authors decided to carry out research into the impacts of weight and the nature of a driving cycle under laboratory conditions to eliminate all external factors that could distort individual measurements and their results. In order to simulate driving cycles, an urban driving cycle was designed on the basis of the course of speed, acceleration, deceleration and slope conditions of roads in the selected regional city of Žilina (Slovakia). In the case of the operation of an electrically powered light commercial vehicle, the impact of load weight on the range of the vehicle is low, and is below the level of the theoretical maximum range of the vehicle in urban logistics applications. The operation of electrically powered vehicles in hilly terrains with relatively longer gradients and steeper slopes increases electricity consumption and, thereby, reduces their range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

et al. 2021

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“…It may be stated that an optimal range value can be reached when the ambient temperature is around 22 • C, because it is not necessary to switch on neither heating nor air conditioning. According to research, at the ambient temperature of −21 • C, the electric energy consumption was 1.52 times higher in comparison with the vehicle operation at the ambient temperature of 22 • C. At the ambient temperature of 0 • C the electric energy consumption was 1.27 times higher [47]. The application of electric freight vehicles of N2 category within a distribution route with the length of 160 km requires considering an appropriate location for recharging infrastructure not only nearby urban logistics centres, but also within the route itself-close to some customers/recipients.…”

Section: Assessment Of Possibility Of Using Electric Freight Vehicles For Distribution From the Urban Logistics Centrementioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth of E-Commerce Due to COVID-19 and the Need for Urban Logistics Centers Using Electric Vehicles: Bratislava Case Study

et al. 2021

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Before the COVID-19 pandemic there had already been an increase in individual shipment transportation including inner-city areas. During the pandemic and implementation of adopted preventive measures, it has increased by more than 100% in some cities. This presents an unsustainable development, particularly in terms of urban environment. The above-mentioned development has accelerated the research related to optimal allocation of logistics centres considering the last-mile distribution. Unfortunately, the theoretical mathematical model that finds an optimal urban logistics centre location based on the matrix of distance, number, and weight of shipments is not applicable in most cities. Therefore, the following research methodology was chosen in accordance with the approved territorial plan. The authors considered those locations in Bratislava—the capital of Slovak Republic—which are designated, or suitable for building up of an urban logistics centre. These localities were afterwards evaluated in a real-world case study employing methods of mathematical programming (linear programming), the nearest neighbour method, and the Clarke-Wright method. The presented methodology can be applied not only when deciding on the appropriate location of the city logistics centre, but also at optimizing the vehicle routing problem. Taking into account the urban logistics sustainability and the e-commerce growth, it was analysed whether the suggested location of urban logistics centre is feasible to provision examined facilities using electric vehicles. The range of considered electric vehicles of N2 category present in the market tends to be at the limits of distribution routes length for the given case study. Therefore, the article also deals with the fast-charging possibilities of vehicles during handling operations and the use of hybrid freight vehicles in city logistics.

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“…Effect of load, traveling speed, and ambient temperature on fuel (charge) consumption: Speed and weight variation are essential determinants of the vehicles energy consumption while traveling [33]. Additionally, temperature affects energy consumption due to heater use and decreased battery efficiency in cold temperatures, and increased use of air conditioning in hot temperatures [34]. In the literature related to EFVs, these factors are referred to as load, speed, and ambient temperature effects.…”

Section: Technical Constraints and Assumptions In Ef-vrpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this study, the rate of acceleration/deceleration, which is affected by traffic conditions and environmental factors, plays a significant role in vehicle energy consumption [31]. Furthermore, Rastani et al [34] investigated the impact of ambient temperature on the fleet sizing, battery recharging, and routing decisions of EVs in logistics operations for the first time.…”

Section: Technical Constraints and Assumptions In Ef-vrpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification

et al. 2020

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The growth of environmental awareness and more robust enforcement of numerous regulations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have directed efforts towards addressing current environmental challenges. Considering the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), one of the effective strategies to control greenhouse gas emissions is to convert the fossil fuel-powered fleet into Environmentally Friendly Vehicles (EFVs). Given the multitude of constraints and assumptions defined for different types of VRPs, as well as assumptions and operational constraints specific to each type of EFV, many variants of environmentally friendly VRPs (EF-VRP) have been introduced. In this paper, studies conducted on the subject of EF-VRP are reviewed, considering all the road transport EFV types and problem variants, and classifying and discussing with a single holistic vision. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it determines a classification of EF-VRP studies based on different types of EFVs, i.e., Alternative-Fuel Vehicles (AFVs), Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Vehicles (HVs). Second, it presents a comprehensive survey by considering each variant of the classification, technical constraints and solution methods arising in the literature. The results of this paper show that studies on EF-VRP are relatively novel and there is still room for large improvements in several areas. So, to determine future insights, for each classification of EF-VRP studies, the paper provides the literature gaps and future research needs.

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Effects of ambient temperature on the route planning of electric freight vehicles

Cited by 44 publications

References 46 publications

Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

The Growth of E-Commerce Due to COVID-19 and the Need for Urban Logistics Centers Using Electric Vehicles: Bratislava Case Study

A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification

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