Effects of ambient oxygen and size-selective mortality on growth and maturation in guppies

Pauli, Beatriz Díaz; Kolding, Jeppe; Jeyakanth, Geetha; Heino, Mikko

doi:10.1093/conphys/cox010

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Baulier et al () found that male (and, to a lesser extent, female) reproductive allocation increased during periods of high fishing mortality in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). Moreover, results from a size selection experiment on guppies suggest that changes in reproductive allocation were particularly evident in males, but not in females (Diaz Pauli, Kolding, Jeyakanth, & Heino, ). Thus, the enhanced reproductive performance of the large‐harvested line is likely caused by the evolution of a fast life history that increased fecundity in females (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Sbragaglia

Gliese

Bierbach

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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The role of sexual selection in the context of harvest‐induced evolution is poorly understood. However, elevated and trait‐selective harvesting of wild populations may change sexually selected traits, which in turn can affect mate choice and reproduction. We experimentally evaluated the potential for fisheries‐induced evolution of mating behaviour and reproductive allocation in fish. We used an experimental system of zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines exposed to large, small or random (i.e. control) size‐selective mortality. The large‐harvested line represented a treatment simulating the typical case in fisheries where the largest individuals are preferentially harvested. We used a full factorial design of spawning trials with size‐matched individuals to control for the systematic impact of body size during reproduction, thereby singling out possible changes in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation. Both small size‐selective mortality and large size‐selective mortality left a legacy on male mating behaviour by elevating intersexual aggression. However, there was no evidence for line‐assortative reproductive allocation. Females of all lines preferentially allocated eggs to the generally less aggressive males of the random‐harvested control line. Females of the large‐harvested line showed enhanced reproductive performance, and males of the large‐harvested line had the highest egg fertilization rate among all males. These findings can be explained as an evolutionary adaptation by which individuals of the large‐harvested line display an enhanced reproductive performance early in life to offset the increased probability of adult mortality due to harvest. Our results suggest that the large‐harvested line evolved behaviourally mediated reproductive adaptations that could increase the rate of recovery when populations adapted to high fishing pressure come into secondary contact with other populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Sbragaglia

Gliese

Bierbach

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Section: Are Aquatic Organisms Limited By Their Capacity To Uptake Oxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a number of experimental studies and field observations do show a negative relationship between water oxygen concentration and ectotherm body sizes, both in fish and invertebrates. Guppies reared at 65% air saturation (i.e., 65% of normoxia) matured earlier and had stunted growth (Diaz Pauli, Kolding, Jeyakanth, & Heino, 2017), and growth rate was also negatively correlated with oxygen concentration in tilapia, when fish were reared at c. 20%, 35% and 75% of air saturation conditions (such oxygen concentrations do occur in natural tilapia habitats; F I G U R E 1 A simplified representation of possible and not exclusive mechanisms explaining the empirically observed phenomenon (top right) of decreasing ectotherm body sizes with increasing temperature. Blue symbols and lines indicate processes at lower temperature, while red indicates the same processes at higher temperature.…”

Section: Are Aquati C Org Anis Ms Limited By Their C Apacit Y To Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is oxygen limitation in warming waters a valid mechanism to explain decreased body sizes in aquatic ectotherms?

Audzijonytė

Barneche

Baudron

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

129

161

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Aim The negative correlation between temperature and body size of ectothermic animals (broadly known as the temperature‐size rule or TSR) is a widely observed pattern, especially in aquatic organisms. Studies have claimed that the TSR arises due to decreased oxygen solubility and increasing metabolic costs at warmer temperatures, whereby oxygen supply to a large body becomes increasingly difficult. However, mixed empirical evidence has led to a controversy about the mechanisms affecting species’ size and performance under different temperatures. We review the main competing genetic, physiological and ecological explanations for the TSR and suggest a roadmap to move the field forward. Location Global. Taxa Aquatic ectotherms. Time period 1980–present. Results We show that current studies cannot discriminate among alternative hypotheses and none of the hypotheses can explain all TSR‐related observations. To resolve this impasse, we need experiments and field‐sampling programmes that specifically compare alternative mechanisms and formally consider energetics related to growth costs, oxygen supply and behaviour. We highlight the distinction between evolutionary and plastic mechanisms, and suggest that the oxygen limitation debate should separate processes operating on short, decadal and millennial time‐scales. Conclusions Despite decades of research, we remain uncertain whether the TSR is an adaptive response to temperature‐related physiological (enzyme activity) or ecological changes (food, predation and other mortality), or a response to constraints operating at a cellular level (oxygen supply and associated costs). To make progress, ecologists, physiologists, modellers and geneticists should work together to develop a cross‐disciplinary research programme that integrates theory and data, explores time‐scales over which the TSR operates, and assesses limits to adaptation or plasticity. We identify four questions for such a programme. Answering these questions is crucial given the widespread impacts of climate change and reliance of management on models that are highly dependent on accurate representation of ecological and physiological responses to temperature.

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“…Next to maturation schedules, harvesting selection also acts on somatic growth rates yb removing large-bodied individuals at a given age, thus favouring slow-growing genotypes. However, if the strength of selection for earlier maturation overwhelms the strength of selection for slower somatic growth, harvesting may favour the evolution of faster growth rates, as these allow an earlier maturation (Dunlop et al 2009, Eikeset et al 2016, Diaz Pauli et al 2017 . In these instances, evolution is entirely driven by the direct effects of the harvesting process.…”

Section: Eefl-absent Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent eco-evolutionary feedbacks in fisheries

Édeline¹,

Loeuille²

2020

Preprint

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Current empirical observations largely suggest a body downsizing in response to harvesting, associated with population declines and decreased harvesting yields. These changes are often construed as direct consequences of harvest selection, where smaller-bodied, early reproducing individuals are immediately favoured. Harvesting and evolution of body size however alter many ecological aspects, affecting for instance competitive and trophic interactions. Such changes reshape the fitness landscape thereby altering the subsequent evolution of body size. Predicting these changes in fitness landscapes, and from there the productivity and dynamics of harvested populations, requires accounting for a constant interplay between ecological and evolutionary changes termed eco-evolutionary feedback loops (EEFLs). We analyze scenarios under which EEFLs acting at the population or community levels either oppose or magnify harvest-induced body downsizing. Opposing EEFLs favour body-size stasis but erode genetic variability and associated body-size evolvability, and may ultimately impair population persistence. In contrast, synergistic EEFLs initially favour population persistence and preserve body-size evolvability, but drive fast evolution towards smaller body sizes and increase the probability for trophic feedbacks that may ultimately lead to population collapse. EEFLs imply that reduced ecological effects of harvesting also produce smaller evolutionary changes, and thus pave the way towards a convergence of the ecological and evolutionary perspectives on harvest management.We advocate for a better consideration of natural selection which effects, we believe, should be integrated among default a priori assumption in studies of harvested populations. 20 25 30 35 40 Size-dependent eco-evo feedback loops Glossary Evolutionary deterioration: evolutionary change leading to smaller population densities, thereby increasing its probability of extinction (eg, due to demographic stochasticity) Evolutionary rescue: adaptive evolutionary change that restores positive growth to declining populations and prevents extinction.Evolutionary suicide: evolutionary dynamics leading to strategies that, though beneficial from an individual fitness point of view, lead to deterministic extinction when adopted by the whole population.Evolutionary trapping: a viable evolutionary attractor leads to evolutionary suicide.Evolvability: trait potential to evolve. Fitness landscape: multidimensional surface depicting fitness as a function of phenotypic traits. Selection gradient: Trait-specific slope of the fitness landscape, i.e., holding other traits constant. 65 70 75 80 85Size-dependent eco-evo feedback loops direct effects on all three nodes in the system, i.e., through harvest selection on body size, by changing population numbers and body-size evolvability or by altering the environment (e.g., harvesting of a predator or prey of the focal species). 6/43 115 120 125

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Effects of ambient oxygen and size-selective mortality on growth and maturation in guppies

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Is oxygen limitation in warming waters a valid mechanism to explain decreased body sizes in aquatic ectotherms?

Size-dependent eco-evolutionary feedbacks in fisheries

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