Effects of aluminum chloride on some trace elements and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in rats

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) is a nonessential, toxic element to which humans are constantly exposed as a result of an increase in industrialization and improving technology practices. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different durations and doses of Al exposure on serum and tissue element levels and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in rats. A total of 40 male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups: control, group I (3 weeks, 8 mg/kg), group II (6 weeks, 8 mg/kg), group III (3 weeks, 16 mg/kg), and group IV (6 weeks, 16 mg/kg). Al chloride (AlCl3) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) five times a week. At the end of the experimental period, levels of Al, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in serum, liver, and kidney tissues were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Osmotic fragility was determined using a spectrophotometer. The results of the experiment indicate that Al induced a statistically significant increase in Al and Fe concentrations in liver and serum as well as in Cu in the kidney. The Fe concentration in serum and kidney tissues was significantly lower in all the groups. As a result of our study, it may be concluded that tissue Al accumulation may lead to an increase in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and abnormal trace element levels.

Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects

“…Erythrocyte membrane permeability and osmotic fragility are affected by in vivo and in vitro Al exposures (Igbokwe, 2018). Erythrocyte osmotic fragility decreased (Bazzoni et al, 2005) or increased (Zatta et al, 1989;Hernández et al, 2008;Al-Qayim et al, 2014;Oztürk andOzdemir, 2015, Zhang et al, 2016;Cheng et al, 2018) depending on the Al speciation and type of erythrocyte injury. Eryptotic (apoptotic) injury reduces the erythrocyte aggregate size (Bazzoni et al, 2005) because of the shrinking effect, thereby increasing osmotic resistance (Igbokwe, 2016).…”

“…Anemia caused by Al toxicity is not associated with adequate regenerative activity of the bone marrow and reticulocytosis (Chmielnicka et al, 1994;Osman et al, 2012). The additional causes of anemia appear to be multi-factorial and include defective hemoglobin production due to inhibition of the enzymes of heme synthesis, altered erythrocyte membrane structure and fragility, shortening of red blood cell life span due to eryptotic and oncotic injuries, and inadequate iron utilization (Zatta et al, 1989;Perez et al, 2001;Bazzoni et al, 2005;Vittori et al, 2002;Niemoeller et al, 2006;Hernández et al, 2008;Sadhana, 2011;Vota et al, 2012;Lukyanenko et al, 2013;Al-Qayim et al, 2014;Oztürk and Ozdemir, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016;Cheng et al, 2018). Significant decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit (packed cell volume) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility were reported after Al exposure (Garbossa et al, 1996;Garbossa et al, 1998;Vittori et al, 1999;Farina et al, 2005).…”

Assessment of the Protective Effect ofLepidium sativumagainst Aluminum-Induced Liver and Kidney Effects in Albino Rat

“…It was believed that Al was nontoxic and was quickly excreted in the urine so it was widely used in daily life. Though, it was known later on that it negatively affects human health [2]. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) reported that Aluminum is mainly distributed in the bone, liver, testis, kidneys, and brain [3].…”

Hemoglobin‐Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers with Different Metal Ions as Potential Oxygen Carrying Systems

“…They attributed the absence of hemolysis to the absorption of plasma proteins to the nanoparticle surface. [34,35] Evaluating Total Antioxidant and Total Oxidative Capacities of Nanoflowers Previous reports have clearly revealed the potential applications of nanoflowers in electrochemical biosensors, and catalyst. [2,3,23,24,36] Up to our best knowledge and survey, there is very little information about AOC and toxicity of nanoflowers.…”