Effects of altering freshwater chemistry on physiological responses of rainbow trout to silver exposure

Bury, Nicolas R.; McGeer, James C.; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620180107

Cited by 99 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Most evidence to date indicates that it is ionic Ag ϩ that is acutely toxic to freshwater fish [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and its toxic effect is Ϫ in the water column. For Ag ϩ complexation by particulate matter, the value 5.3 is an average partition coefficient between particles and river water [52].…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Acute Silver Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiology and Modeling of Mechanisms of Silver Uptake and Toxicity in Fish

Wood

Playle

Högstrand

1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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139

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Abstract-In this review, we outline the physiological and toxicological effects of silver (Ag) in freshwater and marine fish. For freshwater fish, the acute toxicity of Ag appears to be caused solely by ionic Ag ϩ interacting at the gills, inhibiting basolateral Na ϩ ,K ϩ -ATPase activity. Disruption of this enzyme inhibits active Na ϩ and Cl Ϫ uptake and therefore osmoregulation by the fish. Silver is much less toxic to marine fish, mainly because ionic Ag ϩ is complexed by Cl Ϫ , but the mechanisms of acute toxicity and the toxic species of Ag are poorly understood. Osmoregulatory failure occurs in marine fish exposed to high concentrations of Ag, and the intestine appears to be a primary toxic site of action, perhaps along with a gill component. Modeling approaches to calculate Ag interactions at biological surfaces are used to illustrate the effects of water chemistry on Ag speciation and therefore toxicity to freshwater and marine fish. In these models, the most important components affecting Ag speciation are the complexing agents Cl Ϫ and dissolved organic matter followed by the competing agents Na ϩ and Ca 2ϩ , although a particulate component may be important to incorporate into the models in future. More precise knowledge of the actual toxic sites of Ag is necessary if we are to fully understand the effects of waterborne Ag in the environment.

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Section: The Mechanism Of Acute Silver Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence that ionic Ag ϩ is the sole cause of acute Ag toxicity in freshwater fish has been derived from experiments with various complexing agents [12,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]27,[32][33][34]. Complexing agents such as Cl Ϫ , DOM, and thiosulfate markedly decrease Ag toxicity ( Fig.…”

Section: Influences On Silver Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and Modeling of Mechanisms of Silver Uptake and Toxicity in Fish

Wood

Playle

Högstrand

1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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139

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“…Other studies which showed similar comparison include the research works by several other Authors. [9][10][11]18,[34][35][36][37][38][39] Soil organisms enhance soil aggregation and porosity, thus increasing infiltration and reducing runoff. Earthworms are an important component of the soil system, and can enhance plant growth by improving soil fertility and nutrient recycling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)

et al. 2016

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Ecotoxicological effects of industrial chemicals (Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco, Glycol™) and pesticides (Propoxur, Deltamethrin, Atrazine, Furadan) on Tilapia guineensis (fish) and Aporrectodea longa (earthworms) were tested using the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) # 203 and 207 protocols. The water and soil ratings indicate that the test chemicals were toxic to the organisms. The estimated 96 hour lethal concentration LC 50 values for Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Propoxur, and Deltamethrin were 26.34±0.46, 6.02±0.30, 3.07±0.14, 1.31±0.01, 20.91±0 and 0.01±0 mg/l respectively. In the earthworm bioassay, the estimated 14-day LC 50 values for Rigwash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Atrazine and Furadan were 80.05±3.5, 151.55±10.7, 172.63±14.2, 63.72±2.43, 4.97±0 and 0.29±0 mg/kg respectively. Safety factors are arbitrarily built in around the LC 50 values in order to arrive at environmentally tolerable concentrations. The concentration of a chemical in the receiving environment should not exceed 10% of the LC 50 . The organisms exposed to the test chemicals showed significant difference when compared with the levels measured in the control group. The observed sensitivity of the test organisms to the chemicals indicates that adherence to standard safety limits/measures should be maintained during use and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This would ensure that the biotic components of the Nigerian Niger Delta ecosystem are prudently protected.

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“…Data resulting in this conclusion have been generated primarily in laboratory tests of acute silver toxicity [1][2][3] that used AgNO 3 , a freely soluble salt that dissociates completely to yield high proportions of free ionic silver. It is recognized, however, that most natural waters contain ligands, such as chloride, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and sulfide, that bind silver, and recent research has focused on characterizing the role of such ligands in mitigating acute silver toxicity in waterways [1,[4][5][6]. Data regarding mitigating factors generated by such studies are being used in a modification of the current acute ambient water-quality criterion for silver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sodium chloride on chronic silver toxicity to early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Dethloff¹,

Naddy²,

Gorsuch³

2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The chronic (early life stage) toxicity of silver to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined in flow-through exposures. Rainbow trout embryos were exposed to silver (as AgNO 3 ) from 48 h or less postfertilization to 30 d postswimup in soft water in the presence and absence of 49 mg/L of NaCl (30 mg/L of Cl). The studies determined effect levels for rainbow trout exposed throughout an extended development period and assessed possible protective effects of sodium chloride. Lowest-observedeffect concentrations were greater than 1.25 g/L of dissolved silver for survival, mean day to hatch, mean day to swimup, and whole-body sodium content in both studies. Whole-body silver concentrations increased significantly at 0.13 g/L of dissolved silver in unmodified water and at 1.09 g/L of dissolved silver in amended water. The maximum-acceptable toxicant concentration for growth was greater than 1.25 g/L of dissolved silver in unmodified water and 0.32 g/L of dissolved silver in amended water. Whole-body silver concentrations were more sensitive than survival and growth end points in unmodified water. Interpretation of sodium chloride effects on chronic silver toxicity to rainbow trout was complicated by differences in measured effect levels that were potentially the result of strain differences between test organisms in the two studies.

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Effects of altering freshwater chemistry on physiological responses of rainbow trout to silver exposure

Cited by 99 publications

References 38 publications

Physiology and Modeling of Mechanisms of Silver Uptake and Toxicity in Fish

Physiology and Modeling of Mechanisms of Silver Uptake and Toxicity in Fish

Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)

Effects of sodium chloride on chronic silver toxicity to early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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