Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)

Abstract

Ecotoxicological effects of industrial chemicals (Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco, Glycol™) and pesticides (Propoxur, Deltamethrin, Atrazine, Furadan) on Tilapia guineensis (fish) and Aporrectodea longa (earthworms) were tested using the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) # 203 and 207 protocols. The water and soil ratings indicate that the test chemicals were toxic to the organisms. The estimated 96 hour lethal concentration LC 50 values for Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Propoxur, and Deltamethrin were 26.34±0.46, 6.02±0.30, 3.07±0.14, 1.31±0.01, 20.91±0 and 0.01±0 mg/l respectively. In the earthworm bioassay, the estimated 14-day LC 50 values for Rigwash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Atrazine and Furadan were 80.05±3.5, 151.55±10.7, 172.63±14.2, 63.72±2.43, 4.97±0 and 0.29±0 mg/kg respectively. Safety factors are arbitrarily built in around the LC 50 values in order to arrive at environmentally tolerable concentrations. The concentration of a chemical in the receiving environment should not exceed 10% of the LC 50 . The organisms exposed to the test chemicals showed significant difference when compared with the levels measured in the control group. The observed sensitivity of the test organisms to the chemicals indicates that adherence to standard safety limits/measures should be maintained during use and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This would ensure that the biotic components of the Nigerian Niger Delta ecosystem are prudently protected.

Acute Toxicity and Genotoxic Responses in African Mud Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Exposed to Biocides and Aqueous Ammonia

“…Since these chemicals are commonly used in crude oil production, their release into the aquatic environment can pose significant ecological problems, particularly for fish in affected regions. Ogeleka et al (2016) reported that industrial chemicals in Tilapia guineesis can cause fish species death, leading to a reduction or elimination of potentially reproductive species.…”

Pesticide-Induced Alterations of Esterase and Antioxidant Enzymes of Aquatic Organisms <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> and <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

“…Ogeleka et al [6] reported concentrations of the pesticides, propoxur, deltamethrin, atrazine, and furadan that caused the death of fish and earthworms in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Pesticides find their way to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through aerial drifts and runoffs after rains, where they exert harmful effects on aquatic bodies such as fish and frogs.…”