Effects of AIT-082, a Purine Derivative, on Tremor Induced by Arecoline or Oxotremorine in Mice

Nannan, Gao; Yang, Ruijie; Lin, Fen Fen; Shoulan, Zhang; Guangqing, Lei

doi:10.1159/000102601

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In chemically induced animal models of tremor 69 – 81 ( Table 2 ), we found that agents working on the cholinergic axis are able to induce tremor. For example, agents that promote the cholinergic nervous system, such as oxotremorine, 70 arecoline, 70 nicotine, 75 pilocarpine, 72 and physostigmine, 74 can produce tremor in rodents. Interestingly, promoting muscarinic (oxotremorine), nicotinic (arecoline, pilocarpine, and nicotine), or both (physostigmine) types of cholinergic receptor systems can produce tremor, but whether the tremor characteristics differ in these animal models requires further investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Pan

et al. 2018

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Pan

et al. 2018

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

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“…In chemically induced animal models of tremor 69-81 (Table 2), we found that agents working on the cholinergic axis are able to induce tremor. For example, agents that promote the cholinergic nervous system, such as oxotremorine, 70 arecoline, 70 nicotine, 75 pilocarpine, 72 and physostigmine, 74 can produce tremor in rodents. Interestingly, promoting muscarinic (oxotremorine), nicotinic (arecoline, pilocarpine, and nicotine), or both (physostigmine) types of cholinergic receptor systems can produce tremor, but whether the tremor characteristics differ in these animal models requires further investigation.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Tremor With Less Defined Tremor Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Pan

et al. 2018

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

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Background: Tremor is the most common movement disorder; however, the pathophysiology of tremor remains elusive. While several neuropathological alterations in tremor disorders have been observed in post-mortem studies of human brains, a full understanding of the relationship between brain circuitry alterations and tremor requires testing in animal models. Additionally, tremor animal models are critical for our understanding of tremor pathophysiology, and/or to serve as a platform for therapy development. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in May 2018 to identify published papers for review. Results: The methodology used in most studies on animal models of tremor lacks standardized measurement of tremor frequency and amplitude; instead, these studies are based on the visual inspection of phenotypes, which may fail to delineate tremor from other movement disorders such as ataxia. Of the animal models with extensive tremor characterization, harmaline-induced rodent tremor models provide an important framework showing that rhythmic and synchronous neuronal activities within the olivocerebellar circuit can drive action tremor. In addition, dopamine-depleted monkey and mouse models may develop rest tremor, highlighting the role of dopamine in rest tremor generation. Finally, other animal models of tremor have involvement of the cerebellar circuitry, leading to altered Purkinje cell physiology. Discussion: Both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are likely to play a role in tremor generation. While the cerebellar circuitry can generate rhythmic movements, the nigrostriatal system is likely to modulate the tremor circuit. Tremor disorders are heterogeneous in nature. Therefore, each animal model may represent a subset of tremor disorders, which collectively can advance our understanding of tremor.

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“…It was reported to stimulate neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells and neurons, stimulate synthesis and/or release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes, enhance nerve fibre regeneration in vivo and enhance memory in animals and humans [83,84] . Neotrofin has potential for treatment of spinal cord injury, ALS, age-related memory impairment, head trauma, stroke and tremor [85] . Its neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects are attributed to selective stimulation of haemoxygenase-1 [86] .…”

Section: Ngfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects are attributed to selective stimulation of haemoxygenase-1 [86] . The inhibition of tremor in mice was attributed to central cholinergic nerve depressant effects, in addition to the stimulation of proliferation and differentiation of neurons [85] .…”

Section: Ngfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on emerging drugs for sarcopenia – age-related muscle wasting

Lynch

2008

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

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Sarcopenia -the progressive loss of muscle mass with advancing age is characterised by a deterioration of muscle quantity and quality leading to a gradual slowing of movement and a decline in strength and power. Sarcopenia is a highly significant public health problem. Frail elders often require assistance for accomplishing even basic tasks of independent living, and they are also at increased risk of serious injury from sudden falls and subsequent fractures. Since these age-related changes are largely attributed to the complex interaction of factors affecting neuromuscular transmission, muscle architecture, fibre composition, excitation-contraction coupling, and metabolism, the mechanisms responsible for these deleterious changes present numerous therapeutic targets for novel drug discovery. Objective : This review provides an update on some of the emerging drugs for sarcopenia that have been in development during 2005 -2008. Methods : This is a review of the current status of emerging therapies and novel approaches for sarcopenia. Results : Considerable research and development in academic and research institutions and in large and small pharma is being directed to sarcopenia and related health issues; specifically the development and evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies to attenuate, prevent, or ultimately reverse age-related muscle wasting and weakness. Conclusions : Few, if any, drugs have been developed for sarcopenia specifically, but there are many existing and emerging drugs that have potential application for tackling age-related muscle wasting, particularly drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Effects of AIT-082, a Purine Derivative, on Tremor Induced by Arecoline or Oxotremorine in Mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Update on emerging drugs for sarcopenia – age-related muscle wasting

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