Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Pan, Ming‐Kai; Ni, Chun‐Lun; Wu, Yeuh-Chi; Li, Yong-Shi; Kuo, Sheng‐Han

doi:10.7916/d89s37mv

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…A Wald chi-square test showed the estimated coefficients for EMG and accelerometer amplitude ratio at 9–15 Hz were significantly greater for harmaline (EMG: mean = 0.36, 95% CI [0.33 0.39], Accelerometer: mean = 0.53, 95% CI [0.48 0.58]) than pre-harmaline conditions (EMG: mean = 0.24, 95% CI [0.21 0.26], χ 2 (1) = 4.385, p = 0.036, n = 7 rats, Accelerometer: mean = 0.30, 95% CI [0.28 0.32], χ 2 (1) = 75.633, p < 0.001, n = 12 rats; Figures 1E,F ). These observations are in agreement with previous studies on harmaline-induced tremor in awake rodents (Pan et al, 2018 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…(1) = 75.633, p < 0.001, n = 12 rats; Figures 1E,F). These observations are in agreement with previous studies on harmaline-induced tremor in awake rodents (Pan et al, 2018(Pan et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…As harmaline tremor is reported to be an action tremor that resembles ET (Pan et al, 2018(Pan et al, , 2020, it is of interest to examine how activity and interactions within the tremorrelated neural network are modulated by movement. To examine whether harmaline-induced tremor changes in severity during movement, accelerometer activity was compared during periods of movement vs. resting, which was defined by total acceleration falling above or below a threshold of 1 m/s 2 , respectively, for the entire epoch duration (Figure 4A).…”

Section: Harmaline-induced Tremor Amplitude Is Modulated By Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Network Dynamics in the Harmaline Rodent Model of Essential Tremor

Woodward

Apps

Goodfellow

et al. 2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Essential Tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder, characterised by a posture or movement-related tremor of the upper limbs. Abnormalities within cerebellar circuits are thought to underlie the pathogenesis of ET, resulting in aberrant synchronous oscillatory activity within the thalamo-cortical network leading to tremors. Harmaline produces pathological oscillations within the cerebellum, and a tremor that phenotypically resembles ET. However, the neural network dynamics in cerebellar-thalamo-cortical circuits in harmaline-induced tremor remains unclear, including the way circuit interactions may be influenced by behavioural state. Here, we examined the effect of harmaline on cerebello-thalamo-cortical oscillations during rest and movement. EEG recordings from the sensorimotor cortex and local field potentials (LFP) from thalamic and medial cerebellar nuclei were simultaneously recorded in awake behaving rats, alongside measures of tremor using EMG and accelerometery. Analyses compared neural oscillations before and after systemic administration of harmaline (10 mg/kg, I.P), and coherence across periods when rats were resting vs. moving. During movement, harmaline increased the 9–15 Hz behavioural tremor amplitude and increased thalamic LFP coherence with tremor. Medial cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar vermis LFP coherence with tremor however remained unchanged from rest. These findings suggest harmaline-induced cerebellar oscillations are independent of behavioural state and associated changes in tremor amplitude. By contrast, thalamic oscillations are dependent on behavioural state and related changes in tremor amplitude. This study provides new insights into the role of cerebello-thalamo-cortical network interactions in tremor, whereby neural oscillations in thalamocortical, but not cerebellar circuits can be influenced by movement and/or behavioural tremor amplitude in the harmaline model.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Harmaline-induced Tremor Amplitude Is Modulated By Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Network Dynamics in the Harmaline Rodent Model of Essential Tremor

Woodward

Apps

Goodfellow

et al. 2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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“…Another well-known β-carboline alkaloid is harmaline, and harmaline can induce acute action tremor in rodents, cats, and primates. Therefore, harmaline-induced animal tremor is considered as a classical model of ET [92]. Harmaline-induced tremor can be dampened by ET medications, propranolol, primidone, and alcohol [93].…”

Section: β-Carboline Alkaloid Exposures and Related Tremormentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential tremor: Clinical perspectives and pathophysiology

Pan

Kuo

2022

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…These symptoms included seizures/convulsions (awareness reaction), body tremors (motor activity), ataxia (piloerection) and abnormal posture (stereotypy). Excretion (decreased respiration) was documented separately as a group observation [32,33].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19

Chakraborty

Diwan²,

Chiniga

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Remdesivir (RDV) is the only antiviral drug approved for COVID-19 therapy by the FDA. Another drug LAGEVRIO™ (molnupiravir) though has not been approved yet by FDA but has been authorized on December 23, 2021, for emergency use to treat adults with mild-to moderate COVID-19 symptoms and for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options are not clinically appropriate. The fact is that the efficacy of RDV is, however, limited in vivo though it is highly promising in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this paper we are focusing on the action mechanism of RDV and how it can be improved in vivo. The stability of RDV alone and on encapsulation with our platform technology based polymer NV-387 (NV-CoV-2), were compared in presence of plasma in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a non-clinical pharmacology study of NV-CoV-2 (Polymer) and NV CoV-2 (Polymer encapsulated Remdesivir) in both NL-63 infected and uninfected rats was done. In addition, the antiviral activity of NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R was compared with RDV in a cell culture study. The results are (i) NV-CoV-2 polymer encapsulation protects RDV from plasma-mediated catabolism in both in vitro and in vivo, studies; (ii) Body weight measurements of the normal (uninfected) rats after administration of the test materials (NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R) showed no toxic effects. (iii) Body weight measurements and survival rates of the NL-63 infected rats were similar to the uninfected rats after treatment with NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R. Overall, the efficacy as an antiviral regimens were found in this order as below; NV-CoV-2-R > NV-CoV-2 > RDV. Our platform technology based NV-387-encapsulated-RDV (NV-CoV-2-R) drug has a dual effect against different variants of the coronaviruses. First, NV-CoV-2 is an antiviral regimen. Secondly, RDV is protected from plasma-mediated degradation in transit. All together, NV-CoV-2-R is the safest and efficient regimen against COVID-19.

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Animal Models of Tremor: Relevance to Human Tremor Disorders

Cited by 14 publications

References 112 publications

Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Network Dynamics in the Harmaline Rodent Model of Essential Tremor

Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Network Dynamics in the Harmaline Rodent Model of Essential Tremor

Essential tremor: Clinical perspectives and pathophysiology

Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19

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