Effects of airborne fine particle pollution on the usability of natural ventilation in office buildings in three megacities in Asia

Martins, Nuno R.; Graça, Guilherme Carrilho da

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.089

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The methodology used in this study is presented schematically in Figure 1. EnergyPlus (shown in orange) is an open-source detailed building thermal simulation code [13] and was used to calculate thermal heating and cooling loads (in dark green) for one year, with hourly weather data and a previously validated office building model [10][11][12] as inputs (in yellow).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NV utilizes airflow driven by the pressure differences that result from wind and temperature differences on one or more openings in the building envelope. Previous studies have shown that hybrid natural-mechanical HVAC systems can significantly decrease overall HVAC energy needs by replacing mechanical ventilation and cooling with NV, whenever weather conditions allow its use [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hybridization of Heat Pump Systems With Natural Ventilation To Improve Energy Efficiency in Cooling Dominated Buildings

Martins¹,

Bourne–Webb²

2021

Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain.

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Building foundation piles can be used as heat exchangers in ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems to provide highly efficient renewable heating and cooling (H&C). Unbalanced H&C loads lead to heat build-up in the ground, decreasing the system's overall performance. In this study, the introduction of natural ventilation (NV) has been examined to decrease cooling load imbalance in cooling-dominated buildings to improve system efficiency. Building energy simulations estimated the H&C loads for an office building in three Portuguese cities: Lisbon, Porto and Faro, yielding heating loads of 0.2–3.6 MWh/year and cooling loads of 260–450 MWh/year. Four renewable H&C technology scenarios were used to assess energy performance: (1) an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system; (2) a GSHP system utilizing energy piles; (3) hybrid ASHP-NV and (4) hybrid GSHP-NV. Over 50 years of operation, in Scenario (1) COP values of 2.45–2.55 (heating) and 3.62–4.15 (cooling) were obtained. In (2), COP values increased to 4.15–4.34 (heating) but fell to 3.36–3.79 (cooling), which increased annual final energy needs by 7–8%. Unbalanced cooling loads increased the ground temperature by 21–24 °C, which is unlikely to be acceptable. Compared to (1), introducing NV reduced cooling loads by 65–90% in Scenarios (3) and (4), with the final energy needs decreasing by 59–80% and 62–88%, respectively. A further benefit of the GSHP-NV hybrid is that the ground temperature increase was limited to 8‑12 °C. For cooling, the COP in (3) decreased compared to (1) (3.14–3.69), while in (4), COP improved to 3.45–6.10. This study concludes that hybrid GSHP-NV systems should be considered in some cooling-dominated scenarios.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization of Heat Pump Systems With Natural Ventilation To Improve Energy Efficiency in Cooling Dominated Buildings

Martins¹,

Bourne–Webb²

2021

Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain.

Self Cite

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“…As the name of the metric indicates, NVCE focused on the cooling effect only. A future step would be to consider the quality of the intake air, including humidity and air pollution, within an NVCE evaluation, as many researchers have addressed the importance of these factors [16,[77][78][79][80][81] EnergyPlus would also make the NVCE analysis accessible to users who do not code.…”

Section: Limitation and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic metrics of natural ventilation cooling effectiveness for interactive modeling

Yoon

Norford

Malkawi

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

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The evaluation of natural ventilation potential for cooling indoor spaces during the early design phases is of great interest to researchers and practitioners. Among various definitions and usages for natural ventilation potential (NVP) in early design evaluation, this paper reviews and identifies the key performance indicators, and proposes two new dynamic metrics-natural ventilation cooling effectiveness (NVCE) and climate potential utilization ratio (CPUR). The metrics 1 are dynamically responsive to various design options, in both steady and transient states, allowing consideration of thermal mass. Assisting in design development processes, the metrics quantify how well indoor spaces make use of natural ventilation's cooling capacity. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how NVCE and CPUR enable designers to evaluate the predicted performance and how to apply the information to improve building design. The results of the design iterations showed that the relationship among various design parameters should be dynamically understood in order to evaluate the performance of natural ventilation, confirming that "the more the airflow, the greater the potential," and "the heavier the thermal mass, the greater the energy saving" were not always true.

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“…Finally, Martins and Carrilho da Graça developed a two-stage methodology of increasing complexity to study the impact of airborne particle pollution on NV potential of office buildings located in Europe, US and Asia respectively [35][36][37]. This methodology first quantifies the number of hours deemed suitable for NV purposes as those occurrences when outdoor temperatures range from 10 to 26°C and outdoor PM2.5 concentration is lower than the geographically relevant annual threshold shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PM2.5 limits according to different regulatory bodiesAmong the (quite few) approaches found in the literature, the one proposed in refs [35][36][37]. appears the most detailed in dealing with the problem of determining the NV potential reductions due to outdoor pollution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural ventilation potential for residential buildings in a densely built-up and highly polluted environment. A case study

Costanzo

Yao

et al. 2019

Renewable Energy

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The application of Natural Ventilation (NV) as a measure to improve comfort conditions in transition and summer periods has been a topic of research on the spotlight for years. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how the combined effect of a dense urban layout with high pollutant concentrations may affect its potential. This paper addresses this gap by running detailed thermal simulations for a typical apartment flat located in the Yuzhong district of Chongqing city (China) using a holistic approach that makes use of: i) wind pressure coefficients on building facades from urban-scale CFD simulations, ii) hourly measured values of PM2.5 concentrations and weather variables and iii) indoor environment measurements for validation purposes. Scenario analysis revealed the average amount of air change rates achievable in a year varies from 8 to 15 ACH according to the windows orientation. These figures drop down to around 2 ACH when taking into account reduced windows opening time when outdoor PM2.5 concentrations are too high. The resulting natural ventilation potential of the case study decreases from 4234 hours when outdoor pollution is neglected to 2707 and 529 hours when considering the exposure thresholds set by the Chinese government and the WHO respectively.

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Effects of airborne fine particle pollution on the usability of natural ventilation in office buildings in three megacities in Asia

Cited by 24 publications

References 74 publications

Hybridization of Heat Pump Systems With Natural Ventilation To Improve Energy Efficiency in Cooling Dominated Buildings

Hybridization of Heat Pump Systems With Natural Ventilation To Improve Energy Efficiency in Cooling Dominated Buildings

Dynamic metrics of natural ventilation cooling effectiveness for interactive modeling

Natural ventilation potential for residential buildings in a densely built-up and highly polluted environment. A case study

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