Effects of Age on Insulin Resistance and Secretion in Subjects without Diabetes

Abstract

Objective To examine whether aging itself affects insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion in the general Japanese population. Methods This study included data for 2,324 men and 1,472 women 30-79 years of age without diabetes who participated in a general health checkup program. The effects of age on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) were examined using a linear regression model. Logistic regression models were used to identify clinical characteristics related to age. Multiple regression analyses using a stepwise form were performed to examine factors, including age, possibly affecting HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. Results The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels increased with age in both sexes, whereas the body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-B decreased with increasing age in men and the BMI increased with age in women. The HOMA-IR increased with increasing age in postmenopausal women. The proportion of physically active subjects increased in both sexes, and the proportion of current smokers decreased with age in men and postmenopausal women. The proportion of regular drinkers increased, and the proportion of subjects with a family history of diabetes decreased with age in men. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age was inversely associated with the HOMA-B in both sexes and positively associated with the HOMA-IR in men and postmenopausal women. However, the BMI had the largest impact on the HOMA-IR and HOMA-B in both sexes. Conclusion Age-related increases in the glucose levels in Japanese men and women may be associated with impaired insulin secretion. As a result, a sex difference was observed regarding the impact of aging on IR.

The Prevelance of Insulin Resistance In The Turkish Population Constructed with 3331 participants

“…[19,20] Estrogen may also play an important role in maintaining insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women [21] , whereas the level of androgens increases with age, which results in increases in adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, and skeletal muscle IR in women, particularly postmenopausal women. [18] BMI values increase with age in women. Therefore, changes in sex hormones and body composition due to aging may more strongly affect IR for women than age, whereas men do not experience similar dramatic changes in the levels of sex hormones.…”

“…This finding is supported in previous studies. Oya et al [18] reported that age had a positive and independent impact on HOMA-IR values in both men and postmenopausal women in 3908 non-diabetic study participants. There are several possible explanations.…”

The Acute Effects of Breaking Up Seated Office Work With Standing or Light-Intensity Walking on Interstitial Glucose Concentration: A Randomized Crossover Trial

“…1,5 However, the participants were younger and leaner than those in the current study and thus may have been more insulin sensitive. 20 These findings suggest that standing still for two minutes may only be a sufficient stimulus for insulin resistant individuals, with insulin sensitive individuals requiring longer standing bouts 10 or additional movement during the standing bouts. 8 In support of this, Skov-Jensen et al (2007) 21 found that 30 minutes of cycling (~40% VO2 peak) elicited a greater increase in glucose uptake in adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) compared with healthy controls, with the two groups matched on age and lean body mass.…”

Fight against Glucose Rescues Age-Related Cognitive Decline

“…A recent research of adults without diabetes has examined the effects of age on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B). The results show that the HOMA-B decreases in both genders and the HOMA-IR increases in men and postmenopausal women with increasing age [18] . Age-related increase in plasma glucose levels has a close association with impaired insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance [18] .…”

“…The results show that the HOMA-B decreases in both genders and the HOMA-IR increases in men and postmenopausal women with increasing age [18] . Age-related increase in plasma glucose levels has a close association with impaired insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance [18] . Epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk of developing AD in the diabetes patients [19] .…”