The Acute Effects of Breaking Up Seated Office Work With Standing or Light-Intensity Walking on Interstitial Glucose Concentration: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Brocklebank, Laura; Falconer, Catherine; Leary, Sam D; Cooper, Ashley R

doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0366

Cited by 18 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is important to note that these studies generally induce short interruptions to otherwise long periods of sitting, which differs from the more sustained nonambulatory postures used by the Hadza. Nonetheless, metaanalyses of these experimental studies suggest interrupting sitting with MVPA and with lighter intensity activities seems to improve biomarkers associated with CVD and metabolic disease (37)(38)(39). Studies of interrupted sitting with periods of standing have generated more mixed results (37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, metaanalyses of these experimental studies suggest interrupting sitting with MVPA and with lighter intensity activities seems to improve biomarkers associated with CVD and metabolic disease (37)(38)(39). Studies of interrupted sitting with periods of standing have generated more mixed results (37)(38)(39). Although results of these studies underscore the importance of MVPA for cardiometabolic health, some interventions hint at the idea that interrupting sitting with lower activity intensities can produce differential effects on physiological markers associated with cardiometabolic disease risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity

Raichlen

Pontzer

Zderic

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recent work suggests human physiology is not well adapted to prolonged periods of inactivity, with time spent sitting increasing cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. Health risks from sitting are generally linked with reduced levels of muscle contractions in chair-sitting postures and associated reductions in muscle metabolism. These inactivity-associated health risks are somewhat paradoxical, since evolutionary pressures tend to favor energy-minimizing strategies, including rest. Here, we examined inactivity in a hunter-gatherer population (the Hadza of Tanzania) to understand how sedentary behaviors occur in a nonindustrial economic context more typical of humans’ evolutionary history. We tested the hypothesis that nonambulatory rest in hunter-gatherers involves increased muscle activity that is different from chair-sitting sedentary postures used in industrialized populations. Using a combination of objectively measured inactivity from thigh-worn accelerometers, observational data, and electromygraphic data, we show that hunter-gatherers have high levels of total nonambulatory time (mean ± SD = 9.90 ± 2.36 h/d), similar to those found in industrialized populations. However, nonambulatory time in Hadza adults often occurs in postures like squatting, and we show that these “active rest” postures require higher levels of lower limb muscle activity than chair sitting. Based on our results, we introduce the Inactivity Mismatch Hypothesis and propose that human physiology is likely adapted to more consistently active muscles derived from both physical activity and from nonambulatory postures with higher levels of muscle contraction. Interventions built on this model may help reduce the negative health impacts of inactivity in industrialized populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity

Raichlen

Pontzer

Zderic

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…People who were overweight [71] or had lower CRF [81] experienced greater attenuation in post-prandial glucose. Subgroup analysis showed that those who were physically inactive, or had IFG or type 2 diabetes, experienced statistically significant greater glycaemic benefits from PA breaks, and attenuation of insulin also approached significance (Figs.…”

Section: Other Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, blood was drawn, for example, just before PA breaks [46,47] or in rested, sedentary conditions, 1 day after PA breaks [7,8], every 10 min [16], once every 2 h [10,20] or assessed via CGMS [12,14,15,22,71,82,83]. Thus, results could have been affected by differing blood draw protocols [99,147].…”

Section: Other Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Physical activity (PA) breaks in sitting time might attenuate metabolic markers relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Objectives The primary aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse trials that compared the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with bouts of PA throughout the day (INT) versus continuous sitting (SIT) on glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) measures. A second aim was to compare the effects of INT versus continuous exercise (EX) on glucose, insulin and TAG measures. Methods The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Eligibility criteria consisted of trials comparing INT vs. SIT or INT vs. one bout of EX before or after sitting, in participants aged 18 or above, who were classified as either metabolically healthy or impaired, but not with other major health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or peripheral arterial disease. Results A total of 42 studies were included in the overall review, whereas a total of 37 studies were included in the metaanalysis. There was a standardised mean difference (SMD) of − 0.54 (95% CI − 0.70, − 0.37, p = 0.00001) in favour of INT compared to SIT for glucose. With respect to insulin, there was an SMD of − 0.56 (95% CI − 0.74, − 0.38, p = 0.00001) in favour of INT. For TAG, there was an SMD of − 0.26 (95% CI − 0.44, − 0.09, p = 0.002) in favour of INT. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with glucose responses (β = − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01, p = 0.01), and insulin (β = − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.10, − 0.006, p = 0.03), but not TAG (β = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.06, p = 0.37). When energy expenditure was matched, there was an SMD of − 0.26 (95% CI − 0.50, − 0.02, p = 0.03) in favour of INT for glucose, but no statistically significant SMDs for insulin, i.e. 0.35 (95% CI − 0.37, 1.07, p = 0.35), or TAG i.e. 0.08 (95% CI − 0.22, 0.37, p = 0.62). It is worth noting that there was possible publication bias for TAG outcomes when PA breaks were compared with sitting. Conclusion The use of PA breaks during sitting moderately attenuated post-prandial glucose, insulin, and TAG, with greater glycaemic attenuation in people with higher BMI. There was a statistically significant small advantage for PA breaks over continuous exercise for attenuating glucose measures when exercise protocols were energy matched, but no statistically significant differences for insulin and TAG. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42017080982. PROSPERO Registration CRD42017080982. Key PointsBreaking up sitting with physical activity (PA) moderately attenuated post-prandial glucose and insulin, with a small effect size attenuation for TAG.There was greater glycaemic attenuation in people with higher body mass index (BMI).PA breaks were slightly more effective for glycaemic attenuation compared to one continuous bout of PA when experimental conditions were energy expenditure matched. Affiliations

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“…In 20 trials, interventions occurred in a laboratory or research facility where participants were supervised during each condition [12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 30, 32–50]. One trial was completed under supervised conditions in an office setting [51] and nine trials were conducted in a laboratory or research facility [19, 31, 52–58] where participants where not reported to be observed during conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on first or recurrent stroke risk factors? A scoping review

et al. 2019

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The objective of this review was to ascertain the scope of the available literature on the effects of interrupting prolonged sitting time with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on stroke and recurrent stroke risk factors. Databases Medline, Embase, AMED, CINAHL and Cochrane library were comprehensively searched from inception until 21 st February 2018. Experimental trials which interrupted sitting time with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing in adults (≥ 18 years) were included. Comparison to a bout of prolonged sitting and a measure of at least one first or recurrent stroke risk factor was required to be included. Overall, 30 trials (35 articles) were identified to meet the inclusion criteria. Fifteen trials were completed in participants at an increased risk of having a first stroke and one trial in participants at risk of a recurrent stroke. Outcomes of hypertension and dysglycemia were found to be more favourable following predominately light- to moderate-intensity bouts of physical activity or standing compared to sitting in the majority of trials in participants at risk of having a first stroke. In the one trial of stroke survivors, only outcomes of hypertension were significantly improved. These findings are of significant importance taking into consideration hypertension is the leading risk factor for first and recurrent stroke. However, trials primarily focused on measuring outcomes of dysglycemia and without assessing a dose-response effect. Additional research is required on the dose-response effect of interrupting sitting with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on first and recurrent stroke risk factors, in those high risk population groups.

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The Acute Effects of Breaking Up Seated Office Work With Standing or Light-Intensity Walking on Interstitial Glucose Concentration: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity

Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity

Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

What is the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on first or recurrent stroke risk factors? A scoping review

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