Effects of age on estimated familiarity in the process dissociation procedure: The role of noncriterial recollection

Toth, Jeffrey P.; Parks, Colleen M.

doi:10.3758/bf03193576

Cited by 48 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Thus, if there is in fact a form of recollection that operates relatively automatically, should we expect it to decrease with age (given clear indications that older adults have difficulty remembering episodic details), or should we expect it to remain invariant with age (given that familiarity tends to be preserved in older adults)? Toth and Parks (2006) addressed this question by examining whether older adults would show similar levels of ncR as young adults. They modified Yonelinas and Jacoby's (1996) procedure, using location (Easy condition) and font color (Hard condition) as the two encoding dimensions, and eliminating the speeded-response manipulation.…”

Section: Aging and Ncrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first position, that ncR is real, has been advocated in different ways by Gruppuso et al (1997), Toth and Parks (2006), and Yonelinas and Jacoby (1996). Gruppuso et al argued that episodic information that is "too incomplete" to allow the critical discrimination to be made will increase the subjective experience of familiarity.…”

Section: What Is Ncr?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown to elevate familiarity estimates and to be functionally equivalent to familiarity in the process dissociation procedure (Yonelinas & Jacoby, 1996). However, Toth and Parks (2006) found no ncR in older adults, and hypothesized that this absence was related to older adults' criterial recollection deficit. To test this hypothesis, as well as whether ncR is functionally equivalent to familiarity and increases the subjective experience of familiarity, remember-know and confidencerating methods were used to estimate recollection and familiarity with young adults, young adults in a divided-attention condition (Experiment 1), and older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, even if ncR is functionally equivalent to familiarity, it's still not clear whether ncR truly increases subjective feelings of familiarity, whether it is a unique process that requires its own parameter estimate, or whether it is simply an artifact of the PD procedure. To date, there are two basic positions that have been taken concerning this question, with one in favor of ncR as a "real" phenomenon and the other in favor of the idea that it's merely an artifact.The first position, that ncR is real, has been advocated in different ways by Gruppuso et al (1997), Toth andParks (2006), andJacoby (1996). Gruppuso et al argued that episodic information that is "too incomplete" to allow the critical discrimination to be made will increase the subjective experience of familiarity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is still unclear whether ncR is better classified as recollection or familiarity and whether it really increases the subjective experience of familiarity. The present experiments were aimed at addressing these issues by investigating the proportionality hypothesis proposed by Toth and Parks (2006) and assessing whether ncR operates in the same way as familiarity in young and older adults. If the proportionality hypothesis holds, greater recollection of the noncriterial detail (when directly tested) should be associated with a greater ncR effect, for young and older adults alike.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of noncriterial recollection in estimating recollection and familiarity

Parks

2007

Journal of Memory and Language

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Noncriterial recollection (ncR) is recollection of details that are irrelevant to task demands. It has been shown to elevate familiarity estimates and to be functionally equivalent to familiarity in the process dissociation procedure (Yonelinas & Jacoby, 1996). However, Toth and Parks (2006) found no ncR in older adults, and hypothesized that this absence was related to older adults' criterial recollection deficit. To test this hypothesis, as well as whether ncR is functionally equivalent to familiarity and increases the subjective experience of familiarity, remember-know and confidencerating methods were used to estimate recollection and familiarity with young adults, young adults in a divided-attention condition (Experiment 1), and older adults. Supporting Toth and Parks' hypothesis, ncR was found in all groups, but was consistently larger for groups with higher criterial recollection. Response distributions and receiver-operating characteristics revealed further similarities to criterial recollection and suggested that neither the experience nor usefulness of familiarity was enhanced by ncR. Overall, the results suggest that ncR does not differ fundamentally from criterial recollection.Keywords noncriterial recollection; recognition; recollection; familiarity; aging; remember-know; receiveroperating characteristic; partial recollection When trying to remember a specific detail about a prior event, people sometimes recollect other, often irrelevant, details. Memory for these irrelevant details has been dubbed "noncriterial recollection" (ncR); 'recollection' because the memory is of episodic details and 'noncriterial' because those details are not the criterial (or target) detail that one is trying to remember (Yonelinas & Jacoby, 1996). For instance, many students have had the unfortunate experience of reading a test question and realizing that they can remember the page in the book where they read the answer, perhaps even the exact location of that answer on the page (noncriterial details), but are unable to remember what that answer (the criterial detail) actually is. Thus, ncR can be viewed as the somewhat common (and irritating) experience of remembering information that is often useless for successfully completing the task at hand, such as answering a test question correctly.Please address correspondence to: Colleen M. Parks, Psychology Department, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, Email: cmparks@ucdavis.edu, Phone: 530-754-9439, Fax: 530-752-2087. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscrip...

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Section: Aging and Ncrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is Ncr?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of noncriterial recollection in estimating recollection and familiarity

Parks

2007

Journal of Memory and Language

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Episodic Memory

Diana

Wang

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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Episodic memory is the cognitive and neural system for long‐term encoding, storage, and retrieval of event representations, which include spatiotemporal context information. Initial encoding into episodic memory relies on the hippocampus and is improved by elaborative processing. Representations in storage are subject to interference, particularly prior to their transformation from hippocampal representations into cortical representations through consolidation. Event representations can be retrieved from unconscious storage, verbalized, and maintained in working memory while in use. Retrieval is accomplished via pattern completion so that the presence of cues matching an encoding event can drive retrieval of associated information. Episodic memory can be measured via recall and recognition paradigms, both of which gauge whether an event or item occurred within a particular context. Episodic memory is necessary for future simulation and autobiographical memory but separate from semantic memory and procedural memory.

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Functional phenotyping of successful aging in long‐term memory: Preserved performance in the absence of neural compensation

et al. 2011

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We investigated whether preservation of encoding-related brain activity patterns in older age reflects successful aging in long-term memory. Using a statistical matching technique, we identified groups of healthy older adults with different degrees of Functional Activity Deviation during Encoding (FADE) from young adults in a memory network comprising hippocampal, temporal, occipital, and retrosplenial regions. High FADE scores were associated with impairment in recollection, abnormal activity in the default mode network, and lower gray matter density in bilateral ventral prefrontal cortex and left rhinal cortex; a constellation previously associated with increased risk for dementia. Low FADE scores functionally phenotyped successful aging because recollection was well preserved and there was no evidence for compensatory prefrontal activation. Thus, for some individuals successful aging in long-term memory reflects the preservation of a functionally specific memory network, and can occur in the absence of compensatory brain activity.

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Effects of age on estimated familiarity in the process dissociation procedure: The role of noncriterial recollection

Cited by 48 publications

References 80 publications

The role of noncriterial recollection in estimating recollection and familiarity

The role of noncriterial recollection in estimating recollection and familiarity

Episodic Memory

Functional phenotyping of successful aging in long‐term memory: Preserved performance in the absence of neural compensation

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