Effects of Adrenocorticotropin on Pregnancy and Prolactin in Mice*

Kittinger, Jakob; Gutierrez‐Cernosek, Rose Mary; Cernosek, Stanley F.; Pasley, James N.

doi:10.1210/endo-107-2-616

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Adrenalectomy on Day 14 resulted in significant decreases in plasma cortico¬ sterone levels on Days 16 and 17 (Dupouy et al, 1975;MacDonald & Matt, 1984). After Day 18, however, corticosterone concentrations in the maternal circulation were directly related to the conceptus number (Dupouy et al, 1975) It has been reported that the fetus participates in the regulation of luteal function (Kittinger et al, 1980). In the present study, ACTH treatment reduced the weights of the fetus and placenta (Table 1), which confirmed the previous report for mice (Paul & D'Angelo, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Inhibitory effects of adrenocorticotrophin or corticosterone on progesterone secretion during mid-pregnancy in rats

Katô

Nanjo²,

Numa³

et al. 1988

Reproduction

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Inhibitory effects of adrenocorticotrophin or corticosterone on progesterone secretion during mid-pregnancy in rats

Katô

Nanjo²,

Numa³

et al. 1988

Reproduction

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“…Some investigators have suggested that stress-induced increased levels of circulating corticosteroids and/or adrenal androgens would decrease pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, and therefore LH secretion (32)(33)(34)(35)(36), or exert a direct inhibitory action on steroidogenesis (31, 33, 37, 38). Others have reported that ACTH, but not corticosterone, could delay puberty (39), interrupt pregnancy (40)(41)(42), and inhibit ovulation (43). We have recently observed that the intracerebroventricular administration of CRF markedly lowered LH secretion in gonadectomized/ adrenalectomized rats, while acutely large doses of peripherally administered CRF were without effect (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of the long-term administration of corticotropin-releasing factor on the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-gonadal axis in the male rat.

Rivier¹,

Vale²

1985

J. Clin. Invest.

110

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The effect of the continuous exposure to ovine corticotropinreleasing factor (oCRF) was measured in adult male rats. The intravenous infusion of 0.75 nmol oCRF/h to intact rats over a 24-h period was accompanied by a peak of ACTH and corticosterone secretion that occurred during the first 90 min of administration of the releasing factor, followed by a decrease to lower, but still above control, values. Additionally, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-treated rats had decreased plasma testosterone levels. The subcutaneous administration of 0.075 or 0.75 nmol oCRF/h to intact rats for 7 d also resulted in elevations of both plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels comparable to those measured after a 24-h exposure to the releasing factor, as well as dose-related hypertrophy of the adrenals and increases in pituitary ACTH content. In these animals, CRF markedly inhibited luteinizing hormone (LH) (but not follicle-stimulating hormone [FSHD), testosterone, and PRL secretion and decreased seminal vesicle weights. All the effects of CRF were mimicked by exogenously administered ACTH. By contrast, with the exception of FSH secretion, which was slightly elevated by CRF, neither CRF nor ACTH were able to significantly modify reproductive parameters in adrenalectomized animals, which suggests that the elevation of circulating levels of adrenal steroids induced by peripherally administered CRF represents major mediators of CRF-induced inhibition of fertility.These results indicate that in the rat, the continuous stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis by peripherally administered CRF causes some degree of desensitization of the pituitary-adrenal axis, but is still accompanied by persistent elevations of the circulating levels of both ACTH and corticosteroids. The increased secretion of adrenal steroids by CRFtreated rats is believed to participate in the disruption of reproductive parameters observed in these rats.

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“…Restraint is an effective means of activat¬ ing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Riegle, 1973) and the specific Stressor used in this study (restraint in a wire-mesh cone) has been shown to raise plasma corticosterone concentrations (and presumably ACTH) 3-fold over those in control mice (Blecha et al, 1982). Both ACTH and adrenal corticoids have been shown to affect pregnant laboratory rodents (Velardo, 1957;Kittinger et al, 1980). Since both hormones show a circadian rhythm in mice and rats (Guillemin, Dear & Liebelt, 1959;Halberg, Peterson & Silber, 1959;Retienne, Zimmermann, Schindler & Lipscomb, 1968) with blood levels peaking before the onset of darkness, it would not be unexpected to see responses to stress varying at different times of the day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…If restraint stress is affecting reproductive success through changes in serum prolactin concentrations, it is not clear whether hypo-or hyperprolactinaemia is the likely cause. Both inadequate (Bartke, 1973;Mednick & Barkley, 1979;Mednick et al, 1980) and excessive prolactin secretion (Kittinger et al, 1980) have been associated with pregnancy failure. Restraint stress in rats seems to increase serum prolactin concentrations if pretreatment values are low but reductions in serum prolactin concen¬ trations have been found if stress occurs during prolactin surges (Riegle & Meites, 1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of restraint stress in early pregnancy in mice

Wiebold¹,

Stanfield²,

Becker³

et al. 1986

Reproduction

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Summary. Mice were exposed to 5 h of restraint stress on Days 1\p=n-\3,4\p=n-\6, or 1\p=n-\6of pregnancy in the morning (08:30\p=n-\13:30h, a.m.) or afternoon (13:30\p=n-\18:30h, p.m.). Stress reduced the pregnancy rate from 90 to 52% (P < 0\m=.\005) and average litter size on Day 18 from 8\m=.\2to 5\m=.\2 young (P < 0\m=.\005). Stress for 6 days was more effective than for 3 days (P < 0\m=.\005) and an a.m. stress was more effective than a p.m. stress (P <0\m=.\05)

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Effects of Adrenocorticotropin on Pregnancy and Prolactin in Mice*

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Inhibitory effects of adrenocorticotrophin or corticosterone on progesterone secretion during mid-pregnancy in rats

Inhibitory effects of adrenocorticotrophin or corticosterone on progesterone secretion during mid-pregnancy in rats

Effect of the long-term administration of corticotropin-releasing factor on the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-gonadal axis in the male rat.

The effect of restraint stress in early pregnancy in mice

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