Effects of Acute Toluene Toxicity on Different Regions of Rabbit Brain

Abstract

The acute phase effects of toluene on the brain have been investigated in this study using rabbit brain via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. A total of 20 male rabbits were used as control and experimental groups. Moreover, nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), dopamine (DA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) tests were performed in order to designate the severity of the biochemical damage. In the biochemical evaluation of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, and entorhinal cortex, the TNF-alpha levels in the brain were found to be significantly higher than in the control group. Levels of dopamine, secreted from the substantia nigra, nerve growth factor (NGF) developed from the hippocampal neurons, and GFAP, secreted from astrocyte cells, were detected to be significantly lower in the toluene-administration group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, areas of focal vacuolar degeneration (abscess formation), gliosis, and perivascular demyelination, many pyknotic cells and necrosis were observed. In the toluene-administration group compared to the control group, distinct excessive expansions of the blood vessels and severe degeneration in the structure of cells and also dispersed cell borders were observed. Furthermore, abnormal malformations of the nuclei structure of the oligodendrocyte cells were seen. Bodies of the sequential neurons of the hippocampus in the toluene-administration group were distinctly structurally damaged compared to the control group. In addition, cytoplasm of the cortex cell showed serious immune reactivity in the experimental group.

Co-exposure to Toluene and Noise Made Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on Some Neurotoxic Parameters in New Zealand White Rabbits

“…Tas et al (2012) reported that exposure to the high dose of toluene (5200 mg/kg/gavage) for 2 weeks caused a significant increase in the immune reactivity of Bax in the cerebellum and the brain cortex (Tas et al, 2012). Demır et al (2017) demonstrated that acute exposure to toluene by a single dose (876 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (IP) injection in the New Zealand rabbits brain caused significantly extreme expansion of the blood vessels, dispersed cell borders, vacuolar degeneration, severe degeneration of the compensation, perivascular demyelination, gliosis, and several necrosis and pyknotic cells (Demır et al, 2017). Moreover, a noticeable enhance in the count of apoptotic cells in the cerebral granule layer was indicated by inhaling 1200-1800 ppm toluene for 6 h per day in rats (Dalgaard et al, 2001).…”

“…Noise and toluene are some of the prevalent physical and chemical stressors in different workplaces. Previous studies have indicated that different stressors could deteriorate some brain disorders (Demır et al, 2017;Xiu et al, 2009).…”

Investigation of oxidant/antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of apigenin on apoptosis in sepsis‐induced rat lung

“…[ 33 ] Increased Bax protein, a proapoptotic protein from the mediator's apoptosis, increases apoptosis. [ 34 ] A study reported increased Bax expression in relation to diffuse alveolar damage. A sepsis‐induced polymicrobial septic rat model found a link between activation of apoptotic cascades and increased pulmonary edema during the progression of sepsis in lung tissue.…”

The Determination of Safe Concentration of Non-Carcinogenic Toluene in Surabaya Printing

“…This can affect the life expectancy of a person to be lower. Thus, companies are required to carry out periodic checks so that dangerous diseases can be prevented as early as possible (Reid et al, 2012;Jonathan Posner, James A. Russell, 2014;Demir et al, 2017).…”