Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on fat loss in women and men with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Quist, Jonas Salling; Rosenkilde, Mads; Petersen, Morten Krogh; Gram, Anne Sofie; Sjödin, Anders; Stallknecht, Bente

doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.253

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The majority of previous cross-sectional studies report inverse associations between active commuting and body weight19 and large observational studies from UK biobank data have revealed inverse associations with active commuting and BMI 7 8. A prospective study confirms that change from passive to more active commuting is associated with a reduction in BMI,22 and the results from the few RCT studies show that cycling to work reduces both body mass and/or body fat21 23 24 and BMI but not fat-free mass 21 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men

Vaara

Vasankari

Fogelholm

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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IntroductionActive commuting is an inexpensive and accessible form of physical activity and may be beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of active commuting and its subcomponents, cycling and walking, with cardiometabolic risk factors, physical fitness and body composition in young men.MethodsParticipants were 776 Finnish young (26±7 years), healthy adult men. Active commuting was measured with self-report. Waist circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Aerobic fitness was measured with bicycle ergometer and muscular fitness with maximal leg and bench press, sit-ups, push-ups and standing long jump. Cardiometabolic risk factors were analysed from blood samples and selected variables (glucose, insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were further converted to z-score to form clustered cardiometabolic risk.ResultsA total of 24% used active commuting consisting of 10% of walkers and 14% of cyclists. After adjustments for age, smoking, time of year, leisure-time and occupational physical activities, cycling was inversely associated with the clustered cardiometabolic risk (β=−0.11, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.01), while walking was not (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.08). However, further adjustment for waist circumference attenuated the associations to non-significant. Moreover, cycling but not walking was inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference and maximal strength, while a positive association was observed with aerobic fitness (p<0.05).ConclusionThis study shows that cycling to work or study has beneficial associations to clustered cardiometabolic risk, body composition and aerobic fitness in young, healthy adult men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men

Vaara

Vasankari

Fogelholm

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…We performed a 6-month single-centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial at the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, from November 2013 to June 2016 (scheduled date of closure). A comprehensive description of the interdisciplinary study design has been published 35 along with data on fat loss, 36 low-grade inflammation, 37 blood lipids and fibrin turnover. 38 We initially planned a 12-month intervention, but on 2 February 2014 the intervention was reduced to 6 months due to recruitment issues and an unexpectedly large withdrawal of eligible individuals during the run-in period.…”

Section: Methods Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise was prescribed 5 days/week with a prescribed exercise energy expenditure of 320 kcal/day for women and 420 kcal/day for men, equilibrating exercise-induced energy expenditure across genders to ~33 kcal/ kg fat-free mass/week. 36 The exercise frequency was ramped up during a 3-week period, starting with two exercise days in the first week and incrementing with one exercise day per week until reaching the final frequency of five exercise days per week.…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does 6 months of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise affect insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal fat? A randomised controlled trial in individuals with overweight and obesity

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes).Methods188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity were recruited. In the 6-month trial, 130 participants were randomised to either: no intervention (CON), active commuting (BIKE) or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, 50% VO2peak) or vigorous (VIG, 70% VO2peak) intensity. 100 completed follow-up testing. Exercise prescription was 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1600 kcal for women and 2100 kcal for men. Testing was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (ml/min/pmol insulin/L) increased (improved) by 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%, p=0.01) in VIG compared with CON at 3 months. Peripheral insulin sensitivity increased (improved) by 20% in BIKE (95% CI 1% to 43%, p=0.04) and 26% in VIG (95% CI 7% to 47%, p<0.01) compared with CON at 6 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in all exercise groups compared with CON at 6 months; but the increase was higher in those that undertook vigorous exercise than those who did moderate exercise. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass diminished across all exercise groups in comparison to CON at 6 months.ConclusionsActive bike commuting improved cardiometabolic health; as did leisure-time exercise. Leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity conferred more rapid effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as additional effects on cardiorespiratory fitness than did moderate intensity exercise.Trial registrationNCT01962259

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“…Dietary intake was ad libitum throughout the intervention, and participants were advised to maintain their habitual diet [26, 27]. Self-reported energy intake and macronutrient intake have been published elsewhere and did not change in any of the intervention groups [29]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial

et al. 2018

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Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well elucidated. We investigated the effects of 6 months of active commuting or leisure-time exercise on measures of fibrin turnover in individuals who are overweight and obese. Ninety younger (20–40 years), sedentary, healthy women and men who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25–35 kg/m2) were randomised to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n=16), active commuting (BIKE, n=19), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VO2peak reserve, n=31) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VO2peak reserve, n=24). Fasting blood samples (baseline and 3 and 6 months) were analysed for cholesterols and triglycerides, thrombin generation, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolytic activity. We observed no differences between CON, BIKE, MOD, and VIG during the intervention and no time effects for any of the variables measured despite increased VO2peak in all exercise groups. We found no difference between CON and all exercise groups combined and no gender-specific effects of exercise. Our findings suggest that thrombin generation capacity, coagulation activation, fibrin clot structure, and lysability are unaffected by long-term active commuting and leisure-time exercise in women and men who are overweight and obese.

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Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on fat loss in women and men with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men

Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men

How does 6 months of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise affect insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal fat? A randomised controlled trial in individuals with overweight and obesity

Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial

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