Effects of ACTH and zinc phosphate vehicle on shuttlebox CAR

Ley, K. F.; Corson, John A.

doi:10.3758/bf03329082

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This was not limited to those investigators who were sure that peptides could not cross the BBB directly, but extended to researchers who could not conceive of even indirect effects of peptides on the brain. Perhaps a contributing factor in this persistent disbelief was the failure of some early studies with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and vasopressin to consider the secondary effects of these pituitary hormones (e.g., on adrenal steroid release and blood pressure) or of the vehicle itself [57]. It was not realized that a peptide’s actions are not completely dependent on its half-life in blood (see Section 4), so that a vehicle prolonging the half-life of the peptide is not necessary to demonstrate the CNS effects of a peripherally injected peptide.…”

Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concepts for Biologically Active Peptides

Kastin¹,

Pan²

2010

CPD

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Here we review a unique aspect of CNS research on biologically active peptides that started against a background of prevalent dogmas but ended by exerting considerable influence on the field. During the course of refuting some doctrines, we introduced several concepts that were unconventional and paradigm-shifting at the time. We showed that (1) hypothalamic peptides can act ‘up’ on the brain as well as ‘down’ on the pituitary, (2) peripheral peptides can affect the brain, (3) peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier, (4) the actions of peptides can persist longer than their half-lives in blood, (5) perinatal administration of peptides can exert actions persisting into adulthood, (6) a single peptide can have more than one action, (7) dose-response relationships of peptides need not be linear, (8) the brain produces antiopiate as well as opiate peptides, (9) there is a selective high affinity endogenous peptide ligand for the mu-opiate receptor, (10) a peptide’s name does not restrict its effects, and (11) astrocytes assume an active role in response to metabolic disturbance and hyperleptinemia. The evolving questions in our laboratories reflect the diligent effort of the neuropeptide community to identify the roles of peptides in the CNS. The next decade is expected to see greater progress in the following areas: (a) interactions of peptides with other molecules in the CNS; (b) peptide involvement in cell-cell interactions; and (c) peptides in neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. The development of peptidomics and gene silencing approaches will expedite the formation of many new concepts in a new era.

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Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned in Section 2 of this review, some vehicles for the administration of peptides designed to prolong their actions can exert that action themselves [57]. But a short half-life in blood does not mean that a peptide cannot exert long-acting effects without the presence of a vehicle to prolong its actions.…”

Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%