Effects of Accelerated Aging on the Performance of Low-Cost Ultrasonic Sensors Used for Public Lighting and Mobility Management in Smart Cities

Quattrocchi, Antonino; Alizzio, Damiano; Martella, Francesco; Lukaj, Valeria; Villari, Massimo; Montanini, Roberto

doi:10.3390/s22041560

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To reduce the uncertainty related to uncontrolled storing conditions, throughout the testing campaign, all the eggs were kept in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 28 • C ± 0.1 • C and with relative humidity RH of 30% ± 0.1%. These environmental conditions, which are quite more severe than those usually recommended for conservation (15-18 • C, RH 40-70%), were deliberately chosen to accelerate eggs aging [37]. At the same time, the use of controlled laboratory conditions does not represent an issue for the general validity of the method, since the quality control operations for eggs usually occur in indoor environments, where the effect of external influences is minimal.…”

Section: Testing Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Validation and Preliminary Experiments of a Measuring Technique for Eggs Aging Estimation Based on Pulse Phase Thermography

Quattrocchi

Freni

Montanini

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Assessment of the freshness of hen eggs destinated to human consumption is an extremely important goal for the modern food industry and sale chains, as eggs show a rapid natural aging which also depends on the storage conditions. Traditional techniques, such as candling and visual observation, have some practical limitations related to the subjective and qualitative nature of the analysis. The main objective of this paper is to propose a robust and automated approach, based on the use of pulsed phase thermography (PPT) and image processing, that can be used as an effective quality control tool to evaluate the freshness of eggs. As many studies show that the air chamber size is proportional to the egg freshness, the technique relies on the monitoring of the air chamber parameters to infer egg aging over time. The raw and phase infrared images are acquired and then post-processed by a dedicated algorithm which has been designed to automatically measure the size of the air chamber, in terms of normalized area and volume. The robustness of the method is firstly assessed through repeatability and reproducibility tests, which demonstrate that the uncertainty in the measure of the air chamber size never exceeds 5%. Then, an experimental campaign on a larger sample of 30 eggs, equally divided into three size categories (M, L, XL), is conducted. For each egg, the main sizes of the air chamber are measured with the proposed method and their evolution over time is investigated. Results have revealed, for all the egg categories, the existence of an analytic relationship and a high degree of correlation (R2 > 0.95) between the geometric data of the air chamber and the weight loss, which is a well-known marker of egg aging.

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Section: Testing Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Validation and Preliminary Experiments of a Measuring Technique for Eggs Aging Estimation Based on Pulse Phase Thermography

Quattrocchi

Freni

Montanini

et al. 2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…Sensor calibration is a very delicate subject and subject to numerous studies. In particular, in [6], [7] the effects of aging on the sensors are analyzed and an on-the-edge self-calibration system is implemented.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Edge System for the Safety of Cyclists in the Urban Area

Martella

Fazio

Ciulla

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

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Urban areas are evolving towards systems based on sustainable mobility. In particular, thanks to technologies such as Big Data analysis, Cloud, Edge Computing, and IoT, it is possible to design both decision support services for the management of smart cities and services for users. The proposed work presents an innovative device for the safety of cyclists in urban areas. The device is designed to ensure continuous connectivity. Connectivity can be global (via internet) or local thanks to the use of the mesh network. Furthermore, the designed infrastructure provides cyclists with real-time information on the urban area they are crossing, starting from the data collected by the smart city. During the implementation phase, it was of particular interest to test the functioning of the mesh and the energy performance of the device in the field.

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“…An attractive alternative is to perform an SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) strategy employing a dedicated system integrated in single street lighting poles and in accordance with the typical exigencies of a Smart City [ 33 ]. Currently, this remains a field of interest that is still limited both in the literature and on the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Low-Cost System to Monitor the Structural Behavior of Street Lighting Poles in Smart Cities

Quattrocchi,

Martella,

Lukaj

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The structural collapse of a street lighting pole represents an aspect that is often underestimated and unpredictable, but of relevant importance for the safety of people and things. These events are complex to evaluate since several sources of damage are involved. In addition, traditional inspection methods are ineffective, do not correctly quantify the residual life of poles, and are inefficient, requiring enormous costs associated with the vastness of elements to be investigated. An advantageous alternative is to adopt a distributed type of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technique based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper proposes the design of a low-cost system, which is also easy to integrate in current infrastructures, for monitoring the structural behavior of street lighting poles in Smart Cities. At the same time, this device collects previous structural information and offers some secondary functionalities related to its application, such as meteorological information. Furthermore, this paper intends to lay the foundations for the development of a method that is able to avoid the collapse of the poles. Specifically, the implementation phase is described in the aspects concerning low-cost devices and sensors for data acquisition and transmission and the strategies of information technologies (ITs), such as Cloud/Edge approaches, for storing, processing and presenting the achieved measurements. Finally, an experimental evaluation of the metrological performance of the sensing features of this system is reported. The main results highlight that the employment of low-cost equipment and open-source software has a double implication. On one hand, they entail advantages such as limited costs and flexibility to accommodate the specific necessities of the interested user. On the other hand, the used sensors require an indispensable metrological evaluation of their performance due to encountered issues relating to calibration, reliability and uncertainty.

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Effects of Accelerated Aging on the Performance of Low-Cost Ultrasonic Sensors Used for Public Lighting and Mobility Management in Smart Cities

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Development, Validation and Preliminary Experiments of a Measuring Technique for Eggs Aging Estimation Based on Pulse Phase Thermography

Development, Validation and Preliminary Experiments of a Measuring Technique for Eggs Aging Estimation Based on Pulse Phase Thermography

An Edge System for the Safety of Cyclists in the Urban Area

Designing a Low-Cost System to Monitor the Structural Behavior of Street Lighting Poles in Smart Cities

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