Effects of Abdominal Vagotomy on the Estrous Cycle of the Rat and the Induction of Pseudopregnancy

Burden, Hubert W.; Lawrence, Irvin E.; Louis, Thomas M.; Hodson, Charles A.

doi:10.1159/000123232

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Abdominal vagotomy performed on the morning of proestrus is followed with estrus, but a period of acyclicity re sults with a vaginal lavage that is characteristic of diestrus [6]. The data presented here corroborate our previous find ings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Subsequently, cyclic activity in vagotomized rats re turns, although there seems to be a tendency toward slightly longer cycles. When vagotomy is performed at metestrus and diestrus, there is no significant alteration of estrous cy cle length [6], However, vagotomy at metestrus results in fewer ovulated ova as long as 15 days later [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F.strous cycles were monitored daily by vaginal lavages and only those rats showing 2 consecutive 4-day cycles were used. Abdomi nal vagotomy or sham surgery was done under ether anesthesia in animals weighing at least 180 g. Surgery was performed on the morning of proestrus between 09.00 and 11.00 h since previous studies had shown that vagotomy at this time does not disrupt the immediate afternoon LH surge but does affect the subsequent surge resulting in a period of acyclicity [6], Abdominal vagotomy was performed by reflecting the liver to expose the esophagus and cutting the anterior and posterior vagal trunks. In sham-operated animals the vagal trunks were exposed but not touched.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Abdominal Vagotomy at Proestrus on Ovarian Weight, Ovarian Antral Follicles, and Serum Levels of Gonadotropins, Estradiol, and Testosterone in the Rat

Burden¹,

Leonard²,

Hodson

et al. 1986

Neuroendocrinology

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The effects of abdominal vagotomy at proestrus on ovarian weight and antral follicles greater than 150 µm diameter and on serum levels of gonadotropins and testosterone were assessed 24 and 48 h and 4 and 8 days after surgery. Serum levels of estradiol were assessed at 4 and 8 days. Vagotomy (1) increased ovarian weight at 48 h, decreased ovarian weight at 4 days, but had no effect by day 8. (2) Vagotomy increased healthy antral follicles 151–394 µm diameter at 24 and 48 h and increased atresia in this size range at 4 and 8 days. (3) Vagotomy decreased healthy follicles 151–394 µm at day 8. (4) Vagotomy decreased healthy follicles 395–570 µm at 24 h and decreased atretic follicles at 48 h. (5) Vagotomy decreased the largest (over 570 µm diameter) healthy follicles at 24 h and 8 days. (6) Vagotomy decreased basal serum LH levels at 48 h and 8 days. (In contrast, vagotomy increased FSH at 24 h). There was no effect on blood levels of estradiol and testosterone. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the vagus nerve is a component of the hypothalamohy-pophyseal-ovarian axis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Abdominal Vagotomy at Proestrus on Ovarian Weight, Ovarian Antral Follicles, and Serum Levels of Gonadotropins, Estradiol, and Testosterone in the Rat

Burden¹,

Leonard²,

Hodson

et al. 1986

Neuroendocrinology

Self Cite

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“…Vagotomy has been reported to decrease steroid secretion [63], delay the onset of puberty [64], reduce the number of the ova shed [65], and inhibit the development of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy [66]. Vagotomy performed in estrous or proestrous rats altered the length of the estrous cycle and prevented the induction of pseudopregnancy in response to cervical stimulation [67]. Interestingly enough, unilateral rhizotomy of spinal nerves T 12 –L 2 did not interfere with the estrous cycle or compensatory ovarian responses [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Labeling in the Rat Brain and Spinal Cord from the Ovary Using Viral Transneuronal Tracing Technique

et al. 1998

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In the present investigations the viral transneuronal labeling method, which is able to reveal hierarchial chains of central nervous system (CNS) neurons, was applied to identify sites in the CNS connected with the ovary and presumably involved in the control of ovarian functions. Pseudorabies virus was injected into the ovaries of rats and a few days later (at various times after the injection) the spinal cord and brain were examined for virus-infected neurons from the ovary. The virus-labeled nerve cells were identified by immunocytochemistry using polyclonal antiviral antibody. Virus-labeled neurons were detected both in the spinal cord and the brain. In the spinal cord such elements were observed in the intermediolateral cell column, in the dorsal horn close to the marginal zone and in the central autonomic nucleus. In the medulla oblongata and pons, neurons of several nuclei and cell groups (area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal vagal complex, nucleus ambiguus, paragigantocellular nucleus, parapyramidal nucleus, A1, A5 and A7 cell groups, caudal raphe nuclei, locus ceruleus, subceruleus nucleus, Barrington’s nucleus, Kölliker-Fuse nucleus) were found to be transneuronally labeled. In the mesencephalon, the ventrolateral part of the periaqueductal gray matter contained virus-labeled neurons. In the diencephalon, a very intensive cell body labeling was observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and a few virus-infected neurons could be detected in the lateral and dorsal hypothalamus, in the arcuate nucleus, zona incerta, perifornical area and in the anterior hypothalamus. Concerning the telencephalic structures, virus-labeled cells were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the central amygdala nucleus. These findings provide the first neuromorphological evidence for the existence of a multisynaptic neuronal pathway between the ovary and the CNS, and give a detailed account of the structures involved in this pathway.

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“…These findings suggest that estradiol could modulate the activity of the Al cell group. On the other hand, some peripheral sensory inputs to the brain have been shown to affect gonadotropin secretion (Taleisnik et al, 1966 ;Davidson et al, 1973 ;Moss et al, 1977 ;Hill, 1962 ;Burder et al, 1981). However, it is not clear yet whether the interruption of afferent inputs to the brain stem affects the function of the noradrenergic system involved in gonadotropin secretion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of the preovulatory release of gonadotropins and prolactin by spinal transections in female rats.

1983

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The effect of spinal transections on the preovulatory release of gonadotropins and PRL was investigated in female rats. A preovulatory rise in serum LH, FSH and PRL and subsequent ovulation were prevented by complete spinal transections (CST) at high thoracic levels (T3-T7), but not at low thoracic and lumbar levels (T8-L5), performed at 1000-1230 h on proestrus.Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area at 1700-1800 h on proestrus were also significantly reduced by CST at high thoracic levels, but not at lumbar levels. Either electrochemical stimulation of the suprachiasmatic part of the preoptic area or NE injection into the third ventricle at 1400-1500 h on proestrus restored ovulation in animals with CST at high thoracic levels. Animals with CST at lumbar levels exhibited relatively regular 4-day cycles, but those with CST at high thoracic levels showed prolonged periods of diestrous (8-20 days) before they resumed cyclicity.In the case of partial transections, bilateral transections of the lateral columns, but not transections of the dorsal or medial columns, of the spinal cord at T4-T5 significantly blocked the preovulatory gonadotropin release and the occurrence of ovulation.Unilateral transections of the lateral columns of the spinal cord or unilateral electrolytic lesions of the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata failed to block ovulation. When combinations of them were performed ipsilaterally, ovulation occurred, but when they were performed contralaterally, the incidence of ovulation was significantly decreased. These results suggest that the ascending neural pathway in the lateral columns of the spinal cord projecting to the ipsilateral VLMO participates in the neural mechanisms controlling the preovulatory release of gonadotropins and PRL by maintaining NE levels in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area.

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Effects of Abdominal Vagotomy on the Estrous Cycle of the Rat and the Induction of Pseudopregnancy

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Abdominal Vagotomy at Proestrus on Ovarian Weight, Ovarian Antral Follicles, and Serum Levels of Gonadotropins, Estradiol, and Testosterone in the Rat

Effect of Abdominal Vagotomy at Proestrus on Ovarian Weight, Ovarian Antral Follicles, and Serum Levels of Gonadotropins, Estradiol, and Testosterone in the Rat

Neuronal Labeling in the Rat Brain and Spinal Cord from the Ovary Using Viral Transneuronal Tracing Technique

Blockade of the preovulatory release of gonadotropins and prolactin by spinal transections in female rats.

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