Effects of a supportive or an unsupportive audience on biological and psychological responses to stress.

Taylor, Shelley E.; Seeman, Teresa E.; Eisenberger, Naomi I.; Kozanian, Tamar A.; Moore, Amy N.; Moons, Wesley G.

doi:10.1037/a0016563

Cited by 107 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The participants were randomized to one of three conditions that manipulated whether the panel responses were positive or negative; in a third condition, there was no panel. Results concerning this manipulation have been reported elsewhere (25), and for purposes of the present study, data were collapsed across this variable. (As noted in Results, condition was evaluated as a potential covariate but was not related to proinflammatory cytokine levels).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that competition influences physiological functioning, as competition has been linked to heightened cortisol (20)(21)(22) and cardiovascular reactivity to stress (23). These physiological changes may be because of the fact that competitive interactions are typically evaluative in nature, and social evaluation is known to engage both the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system (24) and the cardiovascular system (25). Social evaluation is also known to up-regulate inflammatory processes (26), but no study has, as yet, related competitive social encounters to proinflammatory cytokine activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Negative and competitive social interactions are related to heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity

Chiang¹,

Eisenberger²,

Seeman

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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102

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Research has consistently documented that social relationships influence physical health, a link that may implicate systemic inflammation. We examined whether daily social interactions predict levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and the soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFαRII) and their reactivity to a social stressor. One-hundred twenty-two healthy young adults completed daily diaries for 8 d that assessed positive, negative, and competitive social interactions. Participants then engaged in laboratory stress challenges, and IL-6 and sTNFαRII were collected at baseline and at 25-and 80-min poststressor, from oral mucosal transudate. Negative social interactions predicted elevated sTNFαRII at baseline, and IL-6 and sTNFαRII 25-min poststressor, as well as total output of sTNFαRII. Competitive social interactions predicted elevated baseline levels of IL-6 and sTNFαRII and total output of both cytokines. These findings suggest that daily social interactions that are negative and competitive are associated prospectively with heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity.competition | social stress | immunology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative and competitive social interactions are related to heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity

Chiang¹,

Eisenberger²,

Seeman

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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102

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“…De acordo com a literatura, o suporte social está associado à menor mortalidade e morbilidade (Uchino, 2006) podendo fornecer benefícios substanciais para a saúde e o bem estar dos indivíduos (Gecková, van Dijk, Stewart, Groothoff, & Post, 2003;Taylor et al, 2010).…”

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Adaptação Transcultural Brasil-Portugal da Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social para Estudantes do Ensino Superior

Marôco¹,

Campos²,

Vinagre³

et al. 2014

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoRealizou-se adaptação transcultural da Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS) para a língua portuguesa. As qualidades psicométricas foram avaliadas numa amostra de 1.023 estudantes do ensino superior do Brasil e de Portugal. A partir dos resultados obtidos propõe-se uma versão modifi cada da ESSS com 12 itens que avaliam 4 dimensões. A versão modifi cada revelou adequada confi abilidade, validade fatorial, validade concorrente, divergente e discriminante com exceção dessa última para Satisfação com as Amizades e a Intimidade. A validade convergente esteve no limite do aceitável. Observou-se invariância dos pesos fatoriais entre Brasil e Portugal, permitindo sua utilização para a avaliação da Satisfação com o Suporte Social em estudantes do ensino superior de ambos os países. Palavras-chave: Suporte social, estudantes, escalas psicométricas. AbstractThe Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS) was submitted to an adaptation to Portuguese language. Psychometric qualities of the SSSS were assessed in a sample of 1,023 university and college students from Brazil and Portugal. From the results obtained, we propose a modifi ed version of the SSSS with 12 items that assess four dimensions (Satisfaction with Friendship, Intimacy, Satisfaction with Family and Social Activities). The modifi ed version of the SSSS demonstrated good reliability; factorial validity; and concurrent, divergent and discriminant validity. Convergent valid is in the limit of what is acceptable. There was invariance of the factorial weights in the Portuguese and Brazilian samples, allowing its use for assessing "Social Support Satisfaction" in higher education students in both countries. Keywords: Social support, students, psychometric scales.O Suporte Social (SS) tem sido fruto de múltiplas conceptualizações, desde os aspectos mais objectivos de ordem social como o número de amigos, frequência e intensidade de contactos, existência de redes sociais, aos aspectos subjetivos de ordem cognitiva como a perceção do individuo de ser apoiado, e de ordem avaliativa no que se refere à "adequação do" e "satisfação com" o apoio. Em geral, pode defi nir-se SS como "a existência ou disponibilidade de pessoas em quem podemos confi ar, que nos deixam entender que se preocupam conosco, que nos valorizam e que gostam de nós" (Sarason, Levine, Basham, & Sarason, 1983). Entre a diversidade de conceitos salientamos o que * Endereço para correspondência: Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, Lisboa, Portugal 1149-041. E-mail: jpmaroco@ispa.pt, jucampos@foar.unesp.br, gvinagre@esel.pt e jlpr@psi.up.pt se refere ao suporte social como o conjunto de informação que leva o indivíduo a acreditar que é apoiado e amado, que é estimado e valorizado, que pertence a uma rede de comunicação e de obrigações mútuas (Cobb, 1976). Autores como Cramer, Henderson e Scott (1997) fazem a distinção entre SS percebido e SS recebido. O primeiro refere-se à perceção que o indivíduo tem do suporte social disponível quando dele necessita, o segun...

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“…It is now well established in the literature that social support, particularly support that the recipient is aware of receiving (i.e., visible support), can ''backfire'' leading to increased stress and negative psychological outcomes (Rafaeli & Gleason, 2009;Taylor et al, 2010). For example, unreciprocated support, or receiving support when you are not also providing support, results in increased negative affect (Gleason, Iida, Bolger, & Shrout, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Circumnavigating the cost of support

Crockett¹,

Morrow²,

Muyshondt³

2016

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Although social support is typically associated with a number of health benefits, for some individuals support worsens outcomes, likely because receiving support can undermine feelings of competence. Some have argued that invisible support (i.e., support that recipients do not recognize as help) can reduce negative support-related health consequences (Bolger, Zuckerman, & Kessler, 2000); still, the physiological benefits of invisible support have yet to be established and likely differ as a function of self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate how visibility of support and self-efficacy interact to affect the cortisol reactivity of a support recipient. In a 2 (self-efficacy: high vs. low) × 2 (support visibility: visible vs. invisible) between-subjects, experimental design, 74 undergraduate students were primed for either high or low self-efficacy using false feedback. Participants then received either visible or invisible support from a confederate while preparing a speech as part of the Trier Social Stress Task (Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993). A series of repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that individuals primed to have high self-efficacy experienced cortisol increases in response to the speech task when they received visible support but not invisible support. By contrast, individuals primed to have low self-efficacy experienced increased cortisol when they received invisible support but not visible support. This research suggests that although invisible support can effectively buffer stress, it is not always the best support strategy.

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Effects of a supportive or an unsupportive audience on biological and psychological responses to stress.

Cited by 107 publications

References 40 publications

Negative and competitive social interactions are related to heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity

Negative and competitive social interactions are related to heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity

Adaptação Transcultural Brasil-Portugal da Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social para Estudantes do Ensino Superior

Circumnavigating the cost of support

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