Effects of a rice-rich versus a potato-rich diet on glucose, lipoprotein, and cholesterol metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetics

Abstract

Previous reports have demonstrated that noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus often is associated with hypertriglyceridemia linked to hyperinsulinemia and enhanced cholesterogenesis. Studies with single meals have indicated that rice as compared to potato results in a less pronounced blood glucose and insulin response. These findings initiated the current study in which eight middle-aged patients with adult-onset, noninsulin-dependent diabetes were fed a standardized diet with potato or rice as the major carbohydrate source. Blood glucose control was the same during both dietary periods. When rice was the major carbohydrate source the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides decreased in six patients and the formation of bile acid, especially that of cholic acid, showed a significant drop. The results further underline a link between lipoprotein and bile acid metabolism.

Cooked Rice Inhibits Hepatic Fat Accumulation by Regulating Lipid Metabolism–Related Gene Expression in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

“…Furthermore, cooked rice supplementation resulted in lower serum total and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol and the HDL/total cholesterol ratio, suggesting that cooked rice may have antiatherogenic efficacy by improving the plasma lipoprotein profile. Andersén et al, 19 reported that a rice-rich diet lowered lowdensity lipoprotein triglyceride levels, compared with a potato-rich diet as the main carbohydrate source in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. In the present study, cooked rice consumption lowered LDL cholesterol compared with corn starch and sucrose consumption.…”

Perspective: Potatoes, Quality Carbohydrates, and Dietary Patterns

“…However, they have developed a reputation as a low-quality carbohydrate [ 9 ], with many reviews citing their GI as the cause [ 3 , 10 , 11 ]. Despite limited published epidemiologic evidence on its potential risk of T2DM until after the 2000s [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] ], the potato was already considered a health concern based on its GI as early as the 1980s [ 17 ]. Such early observations have led to the perception that the potato may not belong in healthy dietary patterns.…”

“…A handful of clinical trials [ 17 , [44] , [45] , [46] ] on potato intake compared potatoes with foods high in refined grains with low CFQS-4 and CFQS-5 scores [ 2 ], such as white rice, bagels, pasta, and bread. Potato intake appears to have a similar impact on glucose metabolism compared with other refined grains, with preliminary data showing supportive effects on gut health while improving diet quality [ 17 , [44] , [45] , [46] ]. A 1984 study [ 17 ] provided early evidence comparing potato intake with refined grain (as a comparison of 2 carbohydrate-rich sources).…”

“…Potato intake appears to have a similar impact on glucose metabolism compared with other refined grains, with preliminary data showing supportive effects on gut health while improving diet quality [ 17 , [44] , [45] , [46] ]. A 1984 study [ 17 ] provided early evidence comparing potato intake with refined grain (as a comparison of 2 carbohydrate-rich sources). Andersén et al.…”

Carbohydrate in the diabetic diet.

“…In addition, when assessing clinical benefits, the potential for positive dietary impact on other health parameters must also be considered. Desirable effects on serum lipids, for example, in itself could provide benefit [70]. At this point it is clear that high carbohydrate, high fiber diets that use a large percentage of foods with low glycémie effect are associated with improved blood glucose control [33,34].…”