Effects of a mu‐opioid receptor agonist (codeine phosphate) on visuo‐ motor coordination and dynamic visual acuity in man.

Abstract

1 Effects of codeine (30, 60 and 90 mg) on visuo-motor coordination and dynamic visual acuity, together with critical flicker fusion, digit symbol substitution, complex reaction time and subjective assessments of mood, were studied from 0.75-2.0 h after ingestion by six healthy female adults. The study was double-blind and placebo controlled, and triprolidine (10 mg) was used as the active control. 2 The effect on visuo-motor coordination was limited and was dose related and linear, and performance was altered on visuo-motor coordination with 60 and 90 mg codeine, and on dynamic visual acuity with 90 mg codeine (P < 0.05). No other effect of codeine was detected.3 Modulated neuromuscular function is likely to be the common denominator of the changes in performance with codeine, though nausea, but not sedation, may be a contributory factor. It is possible that altered performance with codeine may involve interactions with different receptors than those which lead to sedation.

Cognitive and motor function after administration of hydrocodone bitartrate plus ibuprofen, ibuprofen alone, or placebo in healthy subjects with exercise-induced muscle damage: a randomized, repeated-dose, placebo-controlled study

“…Oral codeine has been associated with impaired handeye coordination in some investigations (Bradley and Nicholson 1986) but not others (Walker and Zacny 1998). When found, such deficits have been of small magnitude and short duration (Bradley and Nicholson, 1986).…”

“…When found, such deficits have been of small magnitude and short duration (Bradley and Nicholson, 1986). Although we found some evidence to support hand-eye coordination decrements for subjects using hydrocodone bitartrate plus ibuprofen, finer-grained post-hoc analyses indicated that such deficits are highly transitory.…”

“…Among the most common of the opiate drugs used in soft tissue injuries is hydrocodone bitartrate, a semisynthetic opioid analgesic. However, the side effects of opiates can include sedation, respiratory depression (Julien 1996), decrements in attention and perception of spatial relations, and impairment of motor skills, particularly hand-eye coordination (Bradley and Nicholson 1986).…”

Subjective, psychomotor, and analgesic effects of oral codeine and morphine in healthy volunteers

“…Mild performance decrements have been found for eye-hand coordination, visual acuity (Bradley and Nicholson 1986), and one measure of driving ability (Linnoila and Hakkinen 1973) using doses ranging from 30 to 90 mg. However, oral codeine doses up to 100 mg did not impair postural balance, information processing, perception, learning and recall, reaction time, or Þne motor control (Liljequist 1981;Redpath and Pleuvry 1982;Stacher et al 1982Stacher et al , 1987Bradley and Nicholson 1986;SaarialhoKere et al 1986), and three other measures of driving ability were una¤ected or enhanced by codeine (Linnoila and Hakkinen 1973). It appears, then, that oral morphine and codeine produce mild or no psychomotor impairment and, in some cases, may actually enhance performance (Linnoila and Hakkinen 1973;Liljequist 1986;Stacher et al 1987).…”

Opioids and Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Literature Review

“…Its common side effects are drowsiness and constipation like other opioids [8,114,115]. There is no in vivo study to evaluate effects of codeine on QT interval but 2 in vitro studies agree that codeine does not have the potential to block the hERG K + channel, which is the main mechanism of prolongation of QT [20,116].…”