Effects of a marathon group on self-actualization and attitudes toward women

Kilmann, Peter R.; Follingstad, Diane R.; Price, M. Gail; Rowland, Kay F.; Robinson, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197601)32:1<154::aid-jclp2270320139>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the literature, the studies conducted on the impact of psychodrama on self-actualization reported contrasting findings. Certain study findings demonstrated that psychodrama was effective on self-actualization (Kilmann, Follinstad, Price, Rowland, and Robinson, 1976) and certain others reported that it was not (Rosenthal, 1976). In the present study, the findings suggested that the impact of psychodrama on self-realization was partly due to the fact that the participants could implement the awareness during both group and protagonist plays in their lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Psychodrama on Women's Codependence, Self-Realization and Problem Solving Skill Perception

Ulusoy¹,

Şimşek²

2021

TAKSAD

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of psychodrama on the codependency, self-actualization and problem-solving skills of women attending Public Education Center Tailoring Courses. The study was conducted with the quasi-experimental design based on the pretest-posttest model with an experimental group. Fifteen volunteering women attending tailoring courses at Malatya Battalgazi District Public Education Center during the 2015-2016 academic year participated in the study. The study data were collected with the Composite Codependency Scale, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and Problem-Solving Inventory. These three scales were applied to the study group before the application. After the pre-test, a psychodrama group study that included 18 sessions was conducted with eight women in the study group. At the end of the application, the scales were applied as post-test measurements to the study group. To test the effectiveness of the experimental process, the dependent samples t test technique was used. The comparison of the study group pretest and posttest scores revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest self-actualization scores; however, there was no significant difference between codependency, interpersonal control, self-sacrifice, suppression of emotions, and problem-solving skill perception pretest and posttest scores. Thus, it was observed that psychodrama had a significant effect on the improvement of the self-actualization levels of participating women; however, it did not have a significant effect on the reduction of their negative perceptions about problem-solving skills and codependency levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Psychodrama on Women's Codependence, Self-Realization and Problem Solving Skill Perception

Ulusoy¹,

Şimşek²

2021

TAKSAD

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“…Kilmann, Follingstad, Price, Rowland, and Robinson (1976) obtained global indexes of self-actualization by using only the two main scales of the POI that include all the items (Innerdirectedness and Time Competence). Two days after a 16-hour marathon, female undergraduate participants showed significant gains on the Innerdirectedness scale, whereas the scores of the members of the control group remained relatively unchanged.…”

Section: Self-actualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Groups: Do the Outcomes Really Last?

Bennan

Zimpfer

1980

Review of Educational Research

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Outcome studies of encounter groups, marathons, sensitivity training, human potential, and other growth-oriented, group-based interventions generally emphasize immediate posttest results. Relatively few investigators assess the durability of changes experienced by participants or examine delayed or cumulative effects. In this review, 26 controlled studies of growth group outcomes were used to evaluate the effectiveness of growth groups in facilitating enduring changes in the domain of interpersonal relationships. Each study (1) had a repeated measures design, (2) involved 10 or more hours of group intervention, and (3) included follow-up data collected at least 1 month after the completion of the group experience. Outcomes are assessed in the categories of self-actualization, interpersonal orientation, attitudes, interpersonal dimensions of personality, and behavior. Despite the low frequency of enduring positive changes, evidence supports the contention that some lasting positive effects are potentially available to growth group participants. Critical elements of the group process are identified that may relate the treatments themselves to the reported outcomes. Membership and leadership considerations mediating positive lasting effects are inferred from the data.

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“…Two investigators (Livingston, 1972;Lunceford, 1974) held a black awareness encounter for black participants. Kilmann, Follingstad, Price, Rowland, and Robinson (1976) focused on the interpersonal roles of women. Nine studies conducted comparisons of different treatment methods (Bailey, 1974;Findley, 1974;Goodstein, 1972;Kilmann, 1973;Kilmann et al, 1975;Lewis, 1967;Mohr, 1970;O'Donnell, 1973;Weigel, 1968).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The marathon encounter group: A review of the outcome literature.

Kilmann¹,

Sotile²

1976

Psychological Bulletin

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45 investigations of the marathon encounter group are systematically evaluated. Comparisons are made within sections on time format, Ss, leaders, treatment, testing periods, and outcome criteria. All but 6 studies used "normal" college volunteers as Ss. Some positive results were found in varied aspects of personal or social functioning, although the group effects seemed to be temporary. The methodological shortcomings are considerable. The superiority of the marathon encounter group over traditional spaced group treatment is not established, and the treatment methods most effective in the extended session still need to be identified. Critical limitations of the studies indicate that further investigations of variables predictive of desired outcomes should use treatment control groups, defined treatment formats, multiple outcome criteria, and comprehensive follow-up investigations. (3 p ref)

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Effects of a marathon group on self-actualization and attitudes toward women

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

The Effect of Psychodrama on Women's Codependence, Self-Realization and Problem Solving Skill Perception

The Effect of Psychodrama on Women's Codependence, Self-Realization and Problem Solving Skill Perception

Growth Groups: Do the Outcomes Really Last?

The marathon encounter group: A review of the outcome literature.

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