Effects of a healthy diet enriched or not with pecan nuts or extra‐virgin olive oil on the lipid profile of patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomised clinical trial

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the effect of a healthy diet, enriched or not with pecan nuts or extra‐virgin olive oil, on the lipid profile of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsThis was a randomised clinical trial conducted for 12 weeks with patients aged between 40 and 80 years with stable CAD for more than 60 days. Individuals were randomised into groups [control group (CG) with 67 patients, pecan nut group (PNG) with 68 patients and olive oil group (OOG) with 69 patients]. The CG was prescribed a healthy diet according to the nutritional guidelines; the PNG was prescribed the same healthy diet plus 30 g day−1 of pecan nuts; and the OOG was prescribed a healthy diet plus 30 mL day−1 of extra‐virgin olive oil.ResultsIn total, 204 subjects were submitted to an intention‐to‐treat analysis. After adjustment for baseline values and type of statin used, there was no difference regarding low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (primary outcome), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio and HDL‐cholesterol/triglycerides ratio according to groups. However, the PNG exhibited a significant reduction in non‐HDL‐cholesterol levels [PNG: 114.9 (31) mg dL−1; CG: 127 (33.6) mg dL−1; OOG: 126.6 (37.4) mg dL−1; P = 0.033] and in the total cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio [PNG: 3.7 (0.7); CG: 4.0 (0.8); OOG: 4.0 (0.8); P = 0.044] compared to the CG and OOG.ConclusionsSupplementing a healthy diet with 30 g day−1 of pecan nuts for 12 weeks did not improve LDL‐cholesterol levels but may improve other lipid profile markers in patients with stable CAD.

Effects of a Brazilian cardioprotective diet and nuts on cardiometabolic parameters after myocardial infarction: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial

“…Furthermore, nut consumption has been related to lower IHD incidence [15]. Systematic reviews and metanalyses from randomized trials have shown the effects of different nuts and peanut intake on cardiometabolic features in primary cardiovascular prevention [16,17] but few clinical trials have been conducted in individuals with previous IHD [8,[18][19][20][21]. In addition, these studies show discrepancies in the results, possibly due to different sample sizes and differences in the dietary pattern adopted for both intervention and control groups, intervention duration, design, population, and type of nuts evaluated [8,[16][17][18][19].…”

Efeitos metabólicos do consumo de noz-pecã em adultos com obesidade: um ensaio controlado randomizado

“…Rajaram et al (2001) mostraram perda de peso com uma dieta enriquecida com nozes-pecãs (20% do total de energia) durante quatro semanas em comparação com a outra dieta de estudo. Campos et al (2020) observaram redução do peso corporal e IMC no grupo das nozes-pecãs (30 gramas diárias por doze semanas), porém, sem diferença significativa em comparação aos outros grupos de estudo (óleo de oliva e controle).…”

“…Quatro ensaios clínicos anteriores ao nosso estudo, com duração de pelo menos 4 semanas, avaliaram os efeitos do consumo de noz-pecã nos lipídios sanguíneos (MORGAN;CLAYSHULTE, 2000;RAJARAM et al, 2001;MCKAY et al, 2018;CAMPOS et al, 2020). Morgan e Clayshulte (2000) ofertaram 68 gramas de nozes-pecãs durante oito semanas para adultos com níveis lipídicos normais, este grupo de intervenção mostrou uma diminuição do LDL da linha de base para a 4ª semana e também para a 8ª semana.…”

“…E, mais recentemente, no estudo de Campos et al (2020), a ingestão de 30 gramas diárias de nozes-pecãs associada a uma dieta saudável, individualizada, conforme a necessidade energética, durante doze semanas, não resultou em melhora dos níveis de LDL em indivíduos com doença arterial coronariana estável. Houve, porém, uma redução significativa nos níveis de colesterol NHDL e na razão colesterol total para HDL em comparação aos grupos com azeite de oliva (30 ml/dia) e controle, ambos os grupos também com prescrição de dieta saudável individualizada (CAMPOS et al, 2020).…”

“…No que se refere aos efeitos do consumo de nozes no perfil lipídico, os benefícios podem estar relacionados não somente com a composição de ácidos graxos insaturados, mas também com a sua composição proteica, fibras e fitoquímicos (MORGAN;CLAYSHULTE, 2000;RAJARAM et al, 2001;CLIFTON, 2017;CAMPOS et al, 2020; ALASALVAR; SALVADÓ; ROS, 2020).…”