Effects of a Focused Breathing Mindfulness Exercise on Attention, Memory, and Mood: The Importance of Task Characteristics

Eisenbeck, Nikolett; Luciano, Carmen; Jiménez, Teresa

doi:10.1017/bec.2018.9

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, changes in posttraining mood (difference in mood ratings between the initial and last sessions), specifically negative mood was associated with diminished inhibitory control (Simon task) and faster RTs (IGT) (r = −0.43; p = 0.04). Posture, breathing, and relaxation training has been shown to increase positive mood and decrease negative mood (Narasimhan et al, 2011), whereas others observed that breath-focused mindfulness training tends to have less of an effect on mood (Eisenbeck et al, 2018). Posttraining mood might have contributed to the cognitive benefits of yoga training, possibly a negative posttraining mood being associated with fewer cognitive benefits.…”

Section: Mood Posture and Breath Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Singh

Mutreja

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Malleability of executive control and its enhancement through yoga training is unclear. In Study 1, participants (yoga group; n = 27, mean = 23.27 years) were tested on executive control tasks pre-and post-8 weeks of yoga training. The training focused on attention to postural control during yoga asanas and respiratory control during pranayamabreathing (30 min each of postural and breath control training, biweekly). Yoga training was assessed via performance ratings as to how well a posture was executed and by examining errors that reflected inattention/failures in postural and breath control. We also explored whether attentional demands on motor and respiratory control were associated with three components of executive control (working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition) during nine executive control tasks. Partial correlation results revealed that the three components of executive control might be differentially impacted by postural and breath control and selectively associated with either speed or accuracy (except for cognitive flexibility). Attentional demands influenced the link between postural, breath, and cognitive control. In Study 2, comparisons between a yoga group and a gendermatched control group (control group; n = 27, mean = 23.33 years) pointed toward higher working memory accuracy and a better speed-accuracy tradeoff in inhibitory control in the yoga group. A ceiling-practice effect was addressed by examining yoga practice learning (i.e., practice-induced change in postural and breath control reflected in ratings and errors) on executive control performance across two sets of tasks: repeatedly tested (pre-and post-8 weeks) and non-repeatedly tested (post-8 weeks). Attention to motor and respiratory control during yoga might be considered as a potential mechanism through which specific components of executive control in young adults might be enhanced potentially via altering of speed-accuracy tradeoff.

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Section: Mood Posture and Breath Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Singh

Mutreja

2020

Front. Psychol.

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“…More than half of the studies (n = 47) recruited healthy university students as participants with 15 of these studies specifying meditation naïve participants (Banks et al 2015 Eisenbeck et al 2018;Feldman et al 2010;Gamboa et al 2017;Johnson et al 2015;Lai et al 2015;Lebois et al 2015;Liu et al 2013;Papies et al 2012;Pepping et al 2015;Steffen and Larson 2014;Zeidan et al 2010aZeidan et al , c, 2011. Fourteen studies recruited participants who had either a diagnosed mental health disorder or were classified as having maladaptive psychological responses (Azam et al 2015;Barnhofer et al 2010;Campbell-Sills et al 2006…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next most common type of mindfulness were those involving the use of mindfulness-acceptance practice (n = 14) (Ainsworth et al 2015;Alberts et al 2013;Atkinson and Wade 2012;Campbell-Sills et al 2006;Dixon-Gordon et al 2017;Hofmann et al 2009;Singer and Dobson 2007;Szasz et al 2016;Troy et al 2018;Wade et al 2009;Westbrook et al 2013;Wolgast et al 2011). The remaining studies included MBIs with a range of focuses such as mindfulness eating, open monitoring or cognitive diffusion training, and focused attention training sometimes combined (n = 14) (Ainsworth et al 2015;Bowen and Marlatt 2009;Díaz et al 2014;Eisenbeck et al 2018;Gkika and Wells 2015;Herwig et al 2010;Lebois et al 2015;Marek et al 2013;Papies et al 2012Papies et al , 2015Scherpiet et al 2015;Schofield et al 2015;Tincher et al 2016) and six studies used a mindfulness body scan alone (Bonamo et al 2015;Cropley et al 2007;Hamilton et al 2013;Sharpe et al 2013;Ussher et al 2009;Ussher et al 2012).…”

Section: Type Of Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A quarter of the studies (n = 22) included a comparison/ control group that could be considered passive where participants were not given a task or strategy but most groups tended towards more active content. The most common of these conditions overall was audio readings usually from a book (n = 12), where the voice and dictation were closely matched (Cropley et al 2007;Eisenbeck et al 2018;Fisher et al 2016;Grant et al 2013;Johnson et al 2015;Luberto and McLeish 2018;Pepping et al 2015;Perkins-Porras et al 2018;Ussher et al 2009Ussher et al , 2012Zeidan et al 2015;2010c). After that, conditions consisting of a selection of distraction (n = 10), suppression (n = 8), or relaxation (n = 8) exercises were most often employed, sometimes in combination (Banks et al 2015;Broderick 2005;Kuehner et al 2009;Singer and Dobson 2007;Szasz et al 2011Szasz et al , 2012Wade et al 2009;Wilson et al 2014;Zeidan et al 2010a).…”

Section: Control/comparison Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Brief Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Health-Related Outcomes: a Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Objectives Traditional mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been applied successfully across many populations. The time commitment for these programs is often a barrier, and while brief MBIs have become popular, the impact of these on healthrelated outcomes is unclear as they have not yet been reviewed. Methods A search of databases, including Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO, was conducted with qualitative and case studies being excluded. Findings were summarized using a narrative approach for all studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results With one exception, all 85 studies that were included were randomized controlled trials and were relatively robust methodologically. Seventy-nine reported significant positive effects on at least one health-related outcome and over a quarter targeted a clinical population. The majority of studies focused on psychological outcomes, such as anxiety and depression, as well as emotion regulation, stress, and cognitive outcomes. Conclusions Despite heterogeneity of outcomes across studies, there is evidence that brief MBIs can impact numerous healthrelated outcomes, after only one session and with interventions as brief as 5 min. These interventions have the potential to be the initial steps leading to sustainable and positive health outcomes. Keywords Mindfulness. Brief interventions. Systematic review. Health outcomes Mindfulness can be defined as an approach to experiencing everyday life by turning attention and awareness to the present moment without judgment (Kabat-Zinn 2006). Despite its Buddhist origins, mindfulness is now often a secular practice and is easily accessible to many, whether practiced in an individual's home or by attending a class (Hyland 2016). Mindfulness encompasses the key therapeutic concepts of acceptance, compassion, and detachment (Bogosian et al. 2016; Desrosiers et al. 2013; Pinto-Gouveia et al. 2014). As a therapy, the practice of mindfulness is predominately based on a chronic illness program that was originally Bformalized^as mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR), a treatment for illness-related stress. More recently, the more cognitive treatment of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has emerged (Teasdale et al. 2000), principally as a treatment for depression. Over the years, mindfulness-based therapies (most commonly MBSR and MBCT) have been applied successfully to a range of clinical populations (Gotink et al. 2015) including patients recovering from cancer, patients with low back pain, and patients with general anxiety disorders (Cherkin et al. 2016; Evans 2016; Johns et al. 2015). This research has cumulated into a solid foundation of evidence supporting the use of mindfulness for clinical health conditions, as well as for the management of non-clinical conditions such as everyday stress and mood disturbances (

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“…For example, several preliminary trials have found positive effects of MBIs offered in college settings on working memory and GRE reading-comprehension scores (Mrazek et al, 2013), retention of course material (Ching et al, 2015), executive control (Schanche et al, 2020), GPA (Napora, 2013), and quiz performance (Calma-Birling & Gurung, 2017). There is also some indication that even brief mindfulness exercises have immediate positive effects on memory performance (Eisenbeck et al, 2018;Lloyd et al, 2016). However, other trials have noted that, despite improved short-term performance on quizzes and cognitive measures of memory, the effects of these interventions do not always translate to improved long-term academic performance (Baranski & Was, 2019;Calma-Birling & Gurung, 2017;Yamada & Victor, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement in college students:the mediating role of stress

McBride

Greeson

2021

Curr Psychol

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Higher trait mindfulness may be associated with better cognitive functioning and academic achievement in college students. Although mediating mechanisms are unclear, lower stress levels could explain this relationship. Participants: Cross-sectional online survey (n = 534; 33% non-white; Apr 2018 -Sep 2019). Path analysis tested Perceived Stress as a mediator between specific facets of trait mindfulness and three measures of self-reported cognitive functioning and academic achievement: Cognitive Abilities, Cognitive Concerns, and GPA. Perceived Stress fully or partially mediated the relationship between all facets of trait mindfulness and perceived cognitive functioning. Only Decentering, however, was associated with higher GPA as a function of lower stress. Lower stress can explain the link between higher trait mindfulness and better cognitive functioning, but not necessarily academic achievement. Future research is needed to address causality, examine objective measures of cognitive functioning, and extend this explanatory model to mindfulness training.

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Effects of a Focused Breathing Mindfulness Exercise on Attention, Memory, and Mood: The Importance of Task Characteristics

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Effects of Brief Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Health-Related Outcomes: a Systematic Review

Mindfulness, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement in college students:the mediating role of stress

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