Effects of a Fluorescent Brightener on the Activity ofAnagrapha falcifera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus to Four Noctuid Pests

Vail, P. V.; Hoffmann, Darlene F.; Tebbets, J. S.

doi:10.1006/bcon.1996.0074

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This indicates that the photoprotectant did not impact LCB63 virulence and showed a synergistic effect (Figure 4). Similar synergistic results from the use of photoprotectant as adjuvants in biocontrol agent formulations have been reported in other studies (Vail, Hoffmann, and Tebbets 1996;Reddy, Khan, Devi, Victor, and Sharma 2008). There was no significant difference between the control treatments, with or without oil ( Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Improving photoprotection ofBeauveria bassianaconidia for biological control of the cactus pestDactylopius opuntiaein the semiarid region northeast of Brazil

Santos

Silva

Monteiro

et al. 2011

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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A technical grade conidial preparation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana isolate LCB63 was exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) from artificial and natural sources in the presence of various photoprotectants to develop a viable formulation to control Dactylopius opuntiae, a limiting pest of forage cacti in the Brazilian semiarid region. In the first experiment, Conidial viability was assessed in preparations containing water and liposoluble photoprotectants at a concentration of 1% and exposed to solar radiation for 0, 60, and 120 min. In another experiment, preparations containing different concentrations of the selected photoprotectants were exposed to natural and artificial UV radiation for 120 and 5 min, respectively. Insecticide activity of technical grade conidial preparations containing selected photoprotectants were evaluated against first instar nymphs of D. opuntiae. In general, no evaluated compounds showed deleterious effects on conidial germination, and they provided a strong degree of protection over a short period of time. One-percent concentrations of starch and skim milk resulted in low photoprotection over a longer irradiation period, while 1% Neo Heliopan AV, Neo Heliopan E1000 and Oxybenzone provided a moderate degree of protection. Increasing the concentration of Oxybenzone increased germination rate to 70%, while treatment with 1% Neo Heliopan E1000 maintained germination at 50%. A technical grade conidial preparation containing 1% Oxybenzone was effective in promoting D. opuntiae nymph mortality. These results suggested that addition of liposoluble photoprotectants could provide better photoprotection for B. bassiana LCB63 conidia in bioinsecticide formulations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Improving photoprotection ofBeauveria bassianaconidia for biological control of the cactus pestDactylopius opuntiaein the semiarid region northeast of Brazil

Santos

Silva

Monteiro

et al. 2011

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Although these studies have been primarily laboratory-oriented, the synergistic activity demonstrated by selected optical brighteners in different insect host-virus systems has also been demonstrated in the Þeld (Webb et al 1993, Hamm et al 1994, Vail et al 1996, Zou and Young 1996. Although these results have been encouraging, much research is still needed to optimize brightener activity under natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in Activity of Homologous and Heterologous Baculoviruses Infectious to Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by an Optical Brightener

Shapiro

2000

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The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (SeMNPV), was the most active virus tested against the beet armyworm (LC50 = 4.1 PIBs/mm2), followed by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV; LC50 = 92.6 PIBs/mm2), and the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV; LC50 = 195.7 PIBs/mm2). In the case of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), LC50s could only be obtained for five/six replicates, whereas LC50s could only be obtained for two/six replicates for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (GmMNPV). When an optical brightener Tinopal LPW was added to virus suspensions, LC50 values were reduced by 130-fold for both SeMNPV and AcMNPV and by 300-fold for AfMNPV. The addition of Tinopal LPW greatly increased the activities of HaMNPV and GmMNPV. In terms of speed of kill, Tinopal LPW reduced the LT50s for all nuclear polyhedrosis viruses by 30-40%.

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“…Over the last three decades considerable work has been devoted to finding suitable materials which can inhibit or delay the photoinactivation of microorganisms, especially baculoviruses (Ignoffo and Batzer, 1971;Shapiro et al, 1983;Martignoni and Iwai, 1985;Killick, 1990;Vail et al, 1996). A variety of materials has been tested including commonly used sun-screens, clays, flour, charcoal, and fluorescent materials such as optical brighteners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection ofBeauveria bassiana: Testing simple formulations for control of the coffee berry borer

Edgington¹,

Segura²,

Rosa³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Pest Management

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The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana is considered to be one of the few natural enemies available for use against the coffee berry borer. In an attempt to enhance the efficacy of this pathogen, a range of concentrations of 22 substances was tested in simple laboratory tests using natural sunlight or a UV light source. Unprotected B. bassiana spores were almost completely inactivated by exposure to 60 min of direct sunlight or 20 s of UV light of 302 nm wavelength. Seven of the 22 substances tested showed little or no photoprotective properties and eight of the substances appeared directly detrimental to spore germination. Of the remainder, sucrose, yeast, yeast extract, uric acid, casein, and molasses had limited photoprotective properties. The most effective substances tested were egg albumen and skimmed milk powder which could extend the persistence of B. bassiana spores by a factor of almost three. A mixture of 3% (w/v) albumen and 4% (w/v) milk powder gave the highest degree of spore protection per unit cost. Young coffee plants sprayed with this mixture did not suffer any significant phytotoxic effects. A field trial, involving two applications of spores with or without the milk and albumen mixture, failed to show that improved spore persistence resulted in increased coffee berry borer control. Very low levels of pest infestation observed in field plots together with unusual, unfavourable weather conditions may have accounted for this unexpected result.

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Effects of a Fluorescent Brightener on the Activity ofAnagrapha falcifera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus to Four Noctuid Pests

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Improving photoprotection ofBeauveria bassianaconidia for biological control of the cactus pestDactylopius opuntiaein the semiarid region northeast of Brazil

Improving photoprotection ofBeauveria bassianaconidia for biological control of the cactus pestDactylopius opuntiaein the semiarid region northeast of Brazil

Enhancement in Activity of Homologous and Heterologous Baculoviruses Infectious to Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by an Optical Brightener

Photoprotection ofBeauveria bassiana: Testing simple formulations for control of the coffee berry borer

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