Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on the histology, apoptosis, and expression ofc-Fosandβ-Cateninon the livers of preincubated white leghorn chicken embryos

Abstract

Reports have demonstrated occurrences of abnormalities in the early stages of chicken embryonic development due to the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This article was designed to investigate the effects of sinusoidal EMF on the histopathology, apoptosis, and expressions of c-Fos and β-Catenin genes of the livers of preincubated White Leghorn chicken embryos, based on our published experiments. 300 healthy, fresh fertilized eggs were divided into control (n = 70), sham (n = 70), and four experimental (1-4,days 13, 14, 5, and 19, n = 40) groups. Experimental eggs were exposed to the most effective intensity in a coil with 7.32 mT density, and sham groups were also located in the same coil with no exposure, both for 24 h before incubation. Control, sham, and experimental groups were then incubated in an incubator (37°C, humidity 60%) for 13,14,15, and 19 days. Livers of 13-15 and 19 day-old chicken embryos were removed by C-section and fixed in formalin (10%), stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and TUNEL for histopathological and apoptosis studies. Others were used for investigating c-Fos and β-Catenin expressions, using RT-PCR. Results showed extensive hemorrhages all over the chicken embryos' bodies and livers, more lymphoid tissues, disturbed parenchymal tissues, sinusoid denaturation, vesiculizad cytoplasm, an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, and a decrease on the levels of expressions of c-Fos and β-Catenin genes in experimental groups of 1-4, comparing control and sham groups.

Cellular and molecular studies of the effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in the cardiac cell line H9c2 and their correlation with death mechanisms

“…In addition, the modulatory effects of celecoxib on transcription levels of c-Fos , a proto-oncogene that turns on a cascade of events that lead to cell division and/or programmed cell death (29,30), disrupt cellular homeostasis. A correlation between low levels of c-Fos transcripts and cell death is reinforced by recent studies using chicken embryos submitted to electromagnetic fields (31). That study reported a strong connection between c-Fos downregulation and cell death in early stages of chicken embryonic development.…”

Mitochondrial ROS Release and Subsequent Akt Activation Potentially Mediated the Anti-Apoptotic Effect of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on FL Cells

“…MF exposure has been reported to affect cell fate in a bimodal fashion, either cytotoxic or cytoprotective [12,13]. To assess whether MF exposure had any effects on cell death or cell viability, FL cells were exposed to a 50-Hz MF at 0.4 mT for 30, 60, or 120 min, then cell early apoptosis and cell viability were determined by Annexin/PI staining and CCK-8, respectively.…”

Effects of Electromagnetic Field on the Development of Chick Embryo: An In Vivo Study

“…In this study, an increase number of mitochondria were observed in the exposed group at day 10 and day 15. It has been reported that oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 leads to increase number of mitochondria and mtDNA in human lung [24]. At day 10 in the exposed group, some of the mitochondria were swollen.…”

“…The embryonic cells rapidly proliferate, differentiate, migrate, and suffer from apoptosis. During these processes, the cells generate electric currents which can be affected by the RFW [24]. This study was designed to observe the effects of electromagnetic field emitted by a mobile phone on rapidly proliferating cells in the developing chicken embryo.…”