Effects of 5‐vinyloxazolidine‐2‐thione on lactating rats and their sucklings

Lewerenz, H. J.; Bleyl, D. W. R.; Schnaak, W.

doi:10.1002/food.19920360410

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…During the suckling period, however, a statistically insignificant increase in pups mortality was observed which was most likely due to the transfer of glucosinolates breakdown products to milk. Such a possibility has been confirmed by the latest work of LEWERENZ et al [36] and BLEYL et al [6]. The product of enzymic decomposition of progoitrin, 5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione (VOT), given to lactating rats in doses of 25 mg/kg and more, affects adversly the sucklings via the mother's milk ~361.…”

Section: Ruts and Micesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Rapeseed meal‐glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 5. Animal reproduction

Mawson

Heaney

Zduńczyk

et al. 1994

Nahrung

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Although there is no clear evidence to fully describe the mechanism involved in glucosinolate-related effects on animal reproduction, lowered fertility in animals fed diets with rapeseed meal (RSM) inclusion is related to glucosinolate content in the diet. Negative effects can result both from multidirectional action of glucosinolates, malnutrition of mother due to the thyroid dysfunction, transfer of goitrogenic compounds to foetus and reduced transfer of nutritive compounds (e.g. iodine) through the placenta. The degree of reproduction impairment depends both on glucosinolate content and on the type of animal. Pregnant female rats are sensitive to the presence of glucosinolates, and the first symptoms of fertility impairment and lowering of offspring survival rate may occur at low glucosinolate levels, e.g. with diets containing low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (LG-RSM). In the case of swine, the limiting value above which sows fertility may be impaired is 4 mumol of total glucosinolates per g diet and 8 mmol of daily intake of these compounds. Opinions on the permitted RSM inclusion in diet for hens are very divergent. Some authors recommend limiting of the RSM inclusion to 10%, while others did not find any lowering of egg production in hens fed with two- or three-fold greater RSM inclusion rates. Most long-term experiments with heifers, cows and ewes indicate that ruminants tolerate the level of glucosinolate in LG-RSM although feeding this fodder as the only high-protein concentrate component may lead to impaired fertility.

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Section: Ruts and Micesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Rapeseed meal‐glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 5. Animal reproduction

Mawson

Heaney

Zduńczyk

et al. 1994

Nahrung

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“…Adult human exposures to total glucosinolates have been estimated (Krul et al., ) to range from approximately 0.25 to 2.5 mg/kg‐day for 60 kg adult (15 mg/day [United States], 50 mg/day [United Kingdom], 150 mg/day [Japan]). Of the more than 100 glucosinolates, 5‐vinyloxazolidine‐2‐thione, whose antithyroid effects have been studied in preweanling rats (Lewerenz et al., ) and is commercially available, may be an appropriate reference chemical candidate. A potential antiandrogen reference compound is 3,3‐diindolylmethane, formed from indole‐3‐carbinol during digestion of cruciferous vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of human biomonitoring data: for Exposure use calculated human oral exposure values (e.g., from pesticide registration evaluations or similar risk assessments) and for Activity calculate the BMD and convert to human oral BMD using allometric scaling or PBPK modeling In the absence of human biomonitoring data: for Exposure use calculated human oral exposure values (e.g., from pesticide registration evaluations or similar risk assessments) and for Activity use in vitro to in vivo extrapolation to calculate the human oral equivalent dose necessary to produce a steady-state in vivo concentration equivalent to in vitro AC 50 (Rotroff et al, 2010;Wetmore et al, 2012) ). Of the more than 100 glucosinolates, 5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione, whose antithyroid effects have been studied in preweanling rats (Lewerenz et al, 1992) and is commercially available, may be an appropriate reference chemical candidate. A potential antiandrogen reference compound is 3,3-diindolylmethane, formed from indole-3-carbinol during digestion of cruciferous vegetables.…”

Section: Extending the Ear Methodology To The Other Edsp Screening Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Estrogen Screening Assays in the Context of Potency and Human Exposure Relative to Natural Exposures to Phytoestrogens

Becker

Hays²,

Kirman³

et al. 2014

Birth Defects Research Pt B

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While the Environmental Protection Agency and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have developed validated in vitro and in vivo screening assays to measure interaction of substances with estrogen, androgen and thyroid pathway components, to date, methods to contextualize such results in terms of potencies and actual human exposures are lacking. To place endocrine screening results in the context of potency and human exposure, we propose a method that entails (1) calculating a benchmark dose for a response measured in an endocrine screen; (2) estimating the human urinary concentration (biomonitoring equivalent, BE) expected to correspond to this dose (BE BMD ); (3) deriving the exposure:activity ratio (EAR) by comparing actual urinary values from human biomonitoring studies (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)) to the BE BMD . Using OECD uterotrophic assay validation studies and NHANES results, we calculated EARs for genistein (EAR GEN = 6.6 × 10 −4 ) and bisphenol A (EAR BPA = 8.8 × 10 −7 ). The EAR GEN is more than 700-fold greater than the EAR BPA . Not only can these methods be applied to additional endocrine assays and compounds, they can contribute to weight of evidence decisions regarding the need for additional endocrine screening and testing-substances with low EARs may not warrant additional testing.

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“…A slight increase in the thyroid, liver and kidney weight of rats was not statistically confirmed [ 191. A negative effect of exposure, via mother's milk, of rat sucklings to 5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione (VOT) can be observed at the level exceeding 25 mg/kg body weight [53]. Clear manifestations of chemical intoxication, including increase in neutrophil :lymphocyte ratio, were noticed after feeding mothers 75 mg VOT/kg body weight.…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rapeseed meal‐Glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 6. Taint in end‐products

Mawson

Heaney

Zduńczyk

et al. 1995

Nahrung

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From the present review it is clear that glucosinolates and their breakdown products may pass in small amounts into such products as meat, milk or eggs without noticeable deterioration in their taste. When applying low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (LG-RSM) as the sole high protein component of concentrate mixture for cows, the level of rapeseed glucosinolates breakdown products should not exceed 0.1 mumol/l oxazolidinethione, 10 mumol/l unsaturated nitriles and 100 mumol/l thiocyanate. At these levels no evidence has been found to indicate the negative influence of glucosinolates breakdown products on the sensory properties of milk or threat for consumers. No published information appears to be available suggesting that glucosinolates have any deleterious effect on the carcass flavour in cattle. Even at a 20% inclusion of LG-RSM in diets no impairment on visual scores or sensory evaluation was found in pig's or broiler's carcass. Glucosinolated, chiefly progoitrin, which depress trimethylamine oxidation thus clearly affect the taint in eggs. In birds with genetically conditioned susceptibility (brown layers) fishy taint can be observed even at 0.3 microM progoitrin, i.e. approximately 0.5 microM total glucosinolates in 1 g diet. Assuming a threefold higher threshold for white layers (1 microM progoitrin in 1 g diet) fishy taint can be expected at a 10% LG-RSM level in diet, and only very low glucosinolate rapeseed meals can be fed to layers without the risk of fishy taint in eggs.

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Effects of 5‐vinyloxazolidine‐2‐thione on lactating rats and their sucklings

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Rapeseed meal‐glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 5. Animal reproduction

Rapeseed meal‐glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 5. Animal reproduction

Interpreting Estrogen Screening Assays in the Context of Potency and Human Exposure Relative to Natural Exposures to Phytoestrogens

Rapeseed meal‐Glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 6. Taint in end‐products

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