“…Multi-day military training expeditions offer an interesting opportunity for studying energy compensation since they submit individuals to mandatory long and repeated periods of sustained physical activity, resulting in high energy expenditure (EE). Surprisingly, results are generally characterized by what some have called "voluntary underconsumption" (Shukitt-Hale, Askew, & Lieberman, 1997). This phenomenon, which is characterized by inadequate EI during high EE, occurs even when the total energy content of available foods largely exceeds energy requirements (Askew et al, 1987;Cline, Tharion, Tulley, Hotson, & Lieberman, 2000;Edwards & Roberts, 1991;Edwards, Roberts, Mutter, & Moore, 1990;Hoyt et al, 1991Hoyt et al, , 1994Jones, Jacobs, Morris, & Ducharme, 1993;King et al, 1992;Lester et al, 1993;Lichton, Miyamura, & Mcnutt, 1988;Morgan et al, 1988;Popper et al, 1987;Roberts, Mcguire, Engell, Salter, & Rose, 1989;Schoeller, Field, & Delany, 1988;Shukitt-Hale et al, 1997;Thomas et al, 1995).…”