Effects of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol on Clarias batrachus: a biomarkers approach

Abstract

Abstract2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common waste among the resulting chlorophenols generated in the production of common products classified as an extremely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and highly persistent xenobiotic in the environment. To evaluate the impact of 2,4,6-TCP in aquatic systems, the catfish species Clarias batrachus has been selected to test its toxicity due to its high market value and consumption in India. Here is presented the impact of this compound on different physiological parameters of fish: haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (total serum protein and total serum glucose), growth and reproductive parameters (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, maturity index, specific growth rate, growth hormone, 17β-estradiol and testosterone), exposed to two concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP (0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L — 1/10th and 1/20th of the LC50) for a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. The results showed that C. batrachus even when exposed to the lower concentration (0.5 mg/L) for the shortest time (15 days) negatively impacted the organism in all the assessed parameters. This was highlighted by the Integrated Biomarker Response index (IBR), showing worse scores for the treatments (up to 20 × worse than the control). This work highlights the importance of continued research on the impact of 2,4,6-TCP, on an important commercial, supported by the high environmental persistence of this compound that can reach the same range of tested concentrations.

Mitigation of haemato-genotoxic and stress response effects in Cyprinus carpio via silymarin dietary supplementation following deltamethrin exposure

“…Similarly, an alteration in TLC has been reported in C. carpio after exposure to chlorpyrifos [ 93 ]. In contrast, it was observed that the results of the present study, corroborate the findings of Mukherjee et al [ 94 ].…”

Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Prochloraz in Strawberries under Greenhouse Conditions

“…Despite its germicidal properties, prochloraz can cause dysplasia due to its disruptive endocrine properties [9]. Furthermore, the toxicity of trichlorophenol, which is one of the metabolites of prochloraz, has significantly increased [10,11]. Therefore, studies on the determination and dissipation of prochloraz and its metabolites are of great significance for protecting consumers' health.…”

Degussa P-25 TiO2 induced Photocatalytic Oxidation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

“…Owing to their widespread use of CPs, residues of such compounds are continuously detected in soils, sediments, surface water, ground water and in the trophic levels of a food chain. There has been an increasing concern towards the adverse effects of chlorophenols towards environmental damage and human health (Mukherjee et al 2022). CPs are categorised in the priority toxic pollutants listed by USEPA (ASTDR, 2007), and have the ability to bioaccumulate in organisms (de Souza et al 2021).…”