EFFECTS OF 2, 3, 7, 8-TETRACHLORO-DIBENZO-p-DIOXIN (TCDD) ON EARLY LIFE STAGES OF TWO FRESH-WATER FISH SPECIES

Helder, Th.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-026256-7.50046-5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The major toxicants causing YSM appeared to be compounds CB126 and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (CDF114). Similar episodes in fish populations were reproduced in the laboratory on juvenile fish 93,94 and on rats 95 with exposures to 2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD ("dioxin") and related compounds. Juvenile fish mortality was established to be caused from thiamine (vitamin) deficiency.…”

Section: Structure Codes Labels and Property Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmentally Relevant Properties of All 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners for Modeling Their Fate in Different Natural and Climatic Conditions

Paasiv́irta

Sinkkonen

2009

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The temperature dependence of physical properties and degradation lifetimes in the environment of all polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (N ) 209) were determined. For physical properties, the coefficients A and B in equations log(property) ) A(property) -B(property)/T(K) were determined by thermodynamic and QSPR methods and compared with the results of independent methods in the literature. The coefficients Apl and Bpl for liquid state vapor pressure P L , As and Bs for solubility in water S W , Ah and Bh for volatility k H (or k H ) P L /S W ), and Aow and Bow for lipophilicity (K OW ), stored in the database of the fate model program, allowed automatic temperature corrections for realistic fate and exposure modeling at variable environmental conditions. Half-lives HL(i) for degradation in compartments air (i ) 1), water (2), soil/ plants (3), and sediment (4) were determined by combination of the photolysis and biodegradation rates (from the literature) at one reference temperature (mostly 25°C). Examples of validation procedures for both physical properties and degradation rates were given. Temperature dependences were possible to compare with sufficient independent PCB sets only for vapor pressure. Other property sets could be compared statistically at 25°C only. Field observations gave opportunities to validate estimated properties indirectly, e.g., with fate modeling and kinetics. Such a case was presented about the role of mono-ortho hexa-CB congeners 156, 157, and 167 as precursors in the formation of toxic CB126, the most potent observed factor to yolk sac mortality (YSM) from 1988 to 1992 of the fry of Simojoki River salmon (N ) 40).

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Section: Structure Codes Labels and Property Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmentally Relevant Properties of All 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners for Modeling Their Fate in Different Natural and Climatic Conditions

Paasiv́irta

Sinkkonen

2009

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…The toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD has been demonstrated in waterborne exposure studies in which levels of 10 to 100 ng/L were lethal to salmon, trout and pike [10,11]. A dietary exposure of 2 mg/kg 2,3,7,8-TCDD was lethal to trout after 33 d but the 2 pg/kg dietary level was not [lo].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological half‐lives of chlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Niimi¹,

Oliver²

1986

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The biological half‐lives of five dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and two dibenzofurans were determined in rainbow trout following a single oral exposure. Estimated half‐lives ranged from 2 d for 2,7‐dichlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin to 43 d for 1,2,3,4‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin among the dioxins, and from 12 d for octachlorodibenzofuran to 24 d for 3,6‐dichlorodibenzofuran. No consistent relationship was shown between half‐life and the degree of chlorination. Absorption efficiencies varied from 2 to greater than 30%, although most values ranged from 5 to 16%.

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Long-term Effects of Bioaccumulation in Ecosystems

Paasiv́irta

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Extensive damage to organisms and declines in wildlife populations have been observed together with long-term bioaccumulation and biomagnification of persistent xenobiotic chemicals. Heavy metals, especially organic or biomethylated mercury, lead, cadmium and organic tin compounds have caused environmental damage through bioaccumulation on a local scale. Effects on wildife caused by bioaccumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds are more widespread. However, the causal relationship between a biomagnified compound and the long-term effects have been established in only a few cases. Metabolic transformations, and occurrence of several toxic contaminants together in many cases, complicate evaluations of the sources of long-term effects. Environmental fate, exposure of biota and biomagnification of a chemical can be predicted by modelling from its properties and from ecological, geological and climatic conditions of the recipient environment. Model predictions can be refined by experimental factors obtained from results of the field studies. Empirical estimates of hazardous bioaccumulation or biomagnification are obtained from field analyses of different trophic levels. Trend analyses of biomagnified contaminants and their effects can be utilized in prognosis of future development and in evaluation of the need for further action to protect the environment and human health. List of List of Symbols and Abbreviations IntroductionMan-made chemicals have caused deaths of wildlife populations due to serious dumpings, industrial discharges and accidental spills. In many cases the causal linkage between certain toxic chemical and damage has been obvious. In many other cases epidemic deaths of animal populations or vegetation has been suspected to be caused by an acute exposure to chemicals but not verified. Ecological damage from chronic exposure is even more difficult to explain. Long-term studies on the occurrence of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment, their effect potencies and their monitoring in connection with specific episodes have, however given some specific answers. These results justify the conclusion that some persistent anthropogenic chemicals are causing eco- Long-term Effects of Bioaccumulation in Ecosystems203 logical damage such as the decline of populations through breeding losses or developmental damage as a result of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the environment. Observed Effects from Bioaccumulation MercuryMercury is mobilized in the environment mainly from sources related to human activities [1,2]. Its ecotoxic effects were first observed in Sweden during the period 1948-65, where excess mortality of seed-eating birds was found to be caused by methyl mercury used as seed dressing fungicide [3,4]. Serious human mass poisonings from seafood in the early 1950s in Minamata and the early 1960s in Niigata were due to alkylmercury discharged from chemical manufacturing plants being bioaccumulated in fish and crustacea consumed by people [5]. Symptoms, e.g. visual field impairment, ...

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EFFECTS OF 2, 3, 7, 8-TETRACHLORO-DIBENZO-p-DIOXIN (TCDD) ON EARLY LIFE STAGES OF TWO FRESH-WATER FISH SPECIES

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Environmentally Relevant Properties of All 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners for Modeling Their Fate in Different Natural and Climatic Conditions

Environmentally Relevant Properties of All 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners for Modeling Their Fate in Different Natural and Climatic Conditions

Biological half‐lives of chlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Long-term Effects of Bioaccumulation in Ecosystems

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