Effects of 12-Week Low or Moderate Dietary Acid Intake on Acid–Base Status and Kidney Function at Rest and during Submaximal Cycling

Hietavala, Enni-Maria; Ihalainen, Johanna K.; Frassetto, Lynda; Schumann, Moritz; Eklund, Daniela; Pitkänen, Hannele; Häkkinen, Keijo; Mero, Antti

doi:10.3390/nu10030323

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…With dietary modifications, NEAP can be converted from a net-acid (positive NEAP) to a net-base generating (negative NEAP). Indeed, in a group of healthy athletic adults, baseline positive NEAP can be modified to a net-neutral or base-generating (negative NAEP) by adding dietary fruits and vegetables without changing meat consumption [ 8 ].…”

Section: Role Of the Kidneys In The Active Maintenance Of Body-flumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intact bacteria have been isolated in atherosclerotic plaques, as well as in a number of organ systems. A low fiber diet, typically associated with a high protein diet [ 8 ], can further amplify the urea-mediated detrimental effects by reducing gut transit, promoting dysbiosis (diminished polysaccharide-fermenting bacteria) that reduces the formation of gut-nurturing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs: mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate) from undigested fibers. Notably, SCFAs, especially butyrate, are markedly diminished in patients with hypertension [ 83 ], consistent with the role of inflammation from dysbiosis in the genesis of HTN [ 84 ].…”

Section: Maladaptations To the Modern Diet And Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In CKD patients with metabolic acidosis, base administration slows CKD progression and reduces mortality [ 8 ]. Proteins from animal foods, compared to proteins from plant (soy) proteins, are significantly more acidogenic and are potent inducers of renal hyperfiltration [ 99 ], which is a known risk factor for proteinuria and CKD [ 62 ].…”

Section: Prevention Of Acid-base and Electrolyte Maladaptive Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Influence on Body Fluid Acid-Base and Volume Balance: The Deleterious “Norm” Furthers and Cloaks Subclinical Pathophysiology

Qian

2018

Nutrients

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The popular modern diet, characterized by an excess of animal protein and salt but insufficient in fruits, vegetables and water, is a poor fit for human physiological and homeostatic regulatory systems. Sustained net acid and sodium retention, coupled with an insufficient intake of cardiovascular protective potassium-rich foods and hydration in the modern diet can give rise to debilitating chronic organ dysfunction and ultimately, mortality. This holds true, especially in our aging population who are already facing inevitable decline in organ functional reserve. Importantly, in most cases, despite the mismatch and adverse effects to multiple organ systems, plasma electrolyte and acid-base parameters can, on the surface, be maintained within a “normal” reference range, primarily by activating (often maximally activating) compensatory homeostatic mechanisms. These diet-induced effects can thus be clinically silent for decades. Embodied in the chronic corrective homeostatic processes, however, are real risks for multiorgan damage. According to the Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee (DGAC), half of American adults have one or more chronic diseases that are preventable with dietary modification. Here, homeostasis of body fluid acid-base, sodium, potassium and water is examined. Our current dietary habits and their required regulatory adaptation, maladaptation and relevant physiology and pathophysiology are discussed. A framework of dietary modifications to avoid a propensity for maladaptation and thus lowers the risks of common modern diseases (primary prevention) and minimizes the risk of chronic and age-related disease progression (secondary prevention) is emphasized. Although there are other variables at play, a key to restoring the all-important dietary potassium to sodium ratio is greater consumption of vegetables/fruits and adopting salt temperance. Dietary and nutritional optimization is an under-emphasized area of health care that has an enormous potential to temper the epidemics of prevalent chronic diseases in modern society and improve population health.

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Section: Role Of the Kidneys In The Active Maintenance Of Body-flumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maladaptations To the Modern Diet And Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention Of Acid-base and Electrolyte Maladaptive Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary Influence on Body Fluid Acid-Base and Volume Balance: The Deleterious “Norm” Furthers and Cloaks Subclinical Pathophysiology

Qian

2018

Nutrients

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“…The baseline measurements included blood samples (fasting state), body composition, body mass, height, one-repetition maximum leg press and bench press, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) recorded using a cycle ergometer. The VO2max-test was performed by using the graded exercise protocol with two-minute stages [25]. The baseline physical performance measurements were used for setting the same relative loads for each participant in exercise loadings [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Combined Exercise and Sauna

et al. 2020

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This study investigated acute hemodynamic, plasma volume and immunological responses to four loading protocols: sauna only, and sauna after endurance, strength or combined endurance and strength exercise. Twenty-seven healthy, slightly prehypertensive men (age 32.7±6.9 years) were measured at PRE, MID (after exercise), POST, POST30min and POST24h. The measurements consisted systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, white blood cells and plasma volume measurements. Endurance+sauna showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure at POST (–8.9 mmHg), POST30min (–11.0 mmHg) and POST24h (–4.6 mmHg). At POST30min, significant decreases were also observed in sauna (–4.3 mmHg) and combined+sauna (–7.5 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from -5.4 to –3.9 mmHg at POST in all loadings. Plasma volume decreased significantly at MID in all exercise loadings and at POST in endurance+sauna and strength+sauna. Plasma volume increased significantly (p < 0.01) in endurance+sauna and combined+sauna at POST24h. White blood cells increased following all exercise+sauna loadings at MID, POST and POST30min, whereas high sensitive C-reactive protein showed no changes at any measurement point. The combination of endurance exercise and sauna showed the greatest positive effects on blood pressure. Both loadings including endurance exercise increased plasma volume on the next day.

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