Effects of 1.2 μM lead in the laboratory mouse: Developmental and behavioural consequences of chronic treatment

Ethological and experimental approaches to behavior analysis: implications for ecotoxicology.

“…Grue et al 21, for example, found that starlings exposed to an organophosphate insecticide exhibited reduced parental attentiveness. Exposure to lithium (22) and lead (23,24) have also produced changes in parental behavior with resultant delays in offspring maturation.…”

“…Behavioral abnormalities have been identified using similar observational techniques among female rodents and their young exposed to lithium (22), and lead (23,24), as well as in analogous field studies involving parental behavior in birds (9). Beck and Cooper (40) used a similar methodology to determine that a partial inverse benzodiazepine agonist, FG 7142, specifically reduced aggression in pairhoused rats.…”

Ethological and Experimental Approaches to Behavior Analysis: Implications for Ecotoxicology

“…Grue et al (21), for example, found that starlings exposed to an organophosphate insecticide exhibited reduced parental attentiveness. Exposure to lithium (22) and lead (23,24) have also produced changes in parental behavior with resultant delays in offspring maturation.…”

“…For example, the male N. clavipes might rapidly drum its palps (modified appendages used as copulatory organs) on the ventral surface of a female before attempting to copulate (defined as palp pounding). Behavior can also be defined in terms of its consequences (35 Behavioral abnormalities have been identified using similar observational techniques among female rodents and their young exposed to lithium (22), and lead (23,24), as well as in analogous field studies involving parental behavior in birds (9 Often, the use of naturalistic observation methodologies in a laboratory setting requires that native habitats be simulated. Depending upon the complexity of the subject's environment, this can be achieved with some creativity.…”