Effects in the comet assay of storage conditions on human blood

Anderson, Diana; Yu, Tianwei; Dobrzy?ska, Malgorzata M.; Ribas, G.; Marcos, Ricardo de la Vega

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6866(1997)17:3<115::aid-tcm3>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Blood samples were collected in Vacutainers containing EDTA. Samples were kept chilled, and the length of time between blood collection and sample processing was a few hours (Anderson et al 1997). One hundred cells selected randomly (50 cells from each of the two replicate slides) were analyzed per sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic Effects in Swimmers Exposed to Disinfection By-products in Indoor Swimming Pools

Kogevinas

Villanueva

Font-Ribera

et al. 2010

Environ Health Perspect

131

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BackgroundExposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has been associated with cancer risk. A recent study (Villanueva et al. 2007; Am J Epidemiol 165:148–156) found an increased bladder cancer risk among subjects attending swimming pools relative to those not attending.ObjectivesWe evaluated adults who swam in chlorinated pools to determine whether exposure to DBPs in pool water is associated with biomarkers of genotoxicity.MethodsWe collected blood, urine, and exhaled air samples from 49 nonsmoking adult volunteers before and after they swam for 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. We estimated associations between the concentrations of four trihalomethanes (THMs) in exhaled breath and changes in micronuclei (MN) and DNA damage (comet assay) in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and 1 hr after swimming; urine mutagenicity (Ames assay) before and 2 hr after swimming; and MN in exfoliated urothelial cells before and 2 weeks after swimming. We also estimated associations and interactions with polymorphisms in genes related to DNA repair or to DBP metabolism.ResultsAfter swimming, the total concentration of the four THMs in exhaled breath was seven times higher than before swimming. The change in the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes after swimming increased in association with higher exhaled concentrations of the brominated THMs (p = 0.03 for bromodichloromethane, p = 0.05 for chlorodibromomethane, p = 0.01 for bromoform) but not chloroform. Swimming was not associated with DNA damage detectable by the comet assay. Urine mutagenicity increased significantly after swimming, in association with the higher concentration of exhaled bromoform (p = 0.004). We found no significant associations with changes in micronucleated urothelial cells.ConclusionsOur findings support potential genotoxic effects of exposure to DBPs from swimming pools. The positive health effects gained by swimming could be increased by reducing the potential health risks of pool water.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic Effects in Swimmers Exposed to Disinfection By-products in Indoor Swimming Pools

Kogevinas

Villanueva

Font-Ribera

et al. 2010

Environ Health Perspect

131

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“…DNA damage to somatic cells can give rise to cancer but damage to germ cells could give rise not only to cancer, but also cause congenital defects in future generations. Hence it was decided to investigate the effect of ZnO and TiO 2 (anatase form) in human sperm and lymphocytes in vitro using the Comet assay, a simple but sensitive technique for evaluating intercellular differences in DNA damage in these two cell types (Singh et al 1988;Tice et al 1990, Anderson et al 1997Cemeli et al 2004). Sperm and lymphocytes represent primary human cells, with some metabolic activities intact, of a haploid and diploid nature respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the Comet assay with UVA photoactivation of human sperm and lymphocytes

et al. 2009

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The present study has examined the effects of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles (40Á70 nm range) in the presence and absence of UVA light in human sperm and human lymphocytes in the dark (D), after pre-irradiation with UV (PI) and simultaneous irradiation with UV (SI). For both ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles, the percentage reduction in head DNA was greater for PI and SI samples compared with samples treated in the dark. However with regard to photogenotoxicity, sperm exhibited no significant differences when the results for PI and SI and the dark were compared, except at the lowest concentration for SI samples in the case of ZnO and the lowest concentration for PI in the case of TiO 2 . However for lymphocytes, responses were statistically significant at the highest concentration for both PI and SI samples. Thus, these studies suggest that there are photogenotoxic events in these cells in the absence of overt toxicity.

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“…Mutant frequencies in male rat germ cells were determined after exposure to ENU, MNU, 6MP, 5BrdU, MMS, and EMS and thus have been reported to cause specific DNA damage in isolated germ cells from adult rat testis [Ehling et al, ; Anderson et al, ; Russell et al, ; Levkoff et al, ; Kanemitsu et al, ; Habas et al, ]. To examine species differences in the DNA damage between rats and mice three male germ cell mutagens (ENU, 6‐MP and MMS) were selected for testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%