Effects and interactions of the agricultural waste residues and binder type on physical properties and calorific values of carbonized briquettes

Lubwama, Michael; Yiga, Vianney Andrew; Lubwama, Harriet Nalubega

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-01001-8

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Axial compression test involved crushing firewood samples placed between flat surfaces of a Universal testing machine (10 mm/min test speed), until its structure failed. Drop and compressive strengths are a measure of the extent to which biomass fuels retain their form during packaging, storage and transportation [27,28,30].…”

Section: Durability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charcoal achieved higher calorific values than firewood because charcoal contains more fixed carbon than firewood as a result of the carbonization process where moisture and volatile matter are expelled from the firewood by the thermo-chemical carbonization process during slow pyrolysis. Fixed carbon is known to have a direct relationship with calorific value [9,30,43]. Calorific value also gives an indication of the amount of heat and the potential value of electricity that can be produced by the biomass fuel [56,57].…”

Section: Calorific Values For Firewood Species and Produced Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Lubwama

Yiga

Ssempijja

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The main source of fuel for domestic cooking applications in Sub-Saharan Africa is either locally available firewood species or charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis of these species. However, very few studies exist that characterize and quantify physical properties, burning rates, peak temperatures, and calorific values of typical firewood species and resulting charcoal fuels produced by slow pyrolysis. This study evaluated the mechanical and thermal properties of firewood and charcoal from five tree species namely: Dichrostachys cinerea, Morus Lactea, Piliostigma thonningii, Combretum molle, and Albizia grandibracteata. Characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, bomb calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, bulk density measurements, and durability, water boiling and absorption tests. SEM images showed the development of macropores on charcoal after slow pyrolysis. Peak temperatures during firewood and charcoal combustion ranged between 515.5–621.8 °C and 741.6–785.9 °C, respectively. Maximum flame temperatures ranged between 786.9–870.8 °C for firewood and 634.4–737.3 °C for charcoal. Bulk densities and calorific values of charcoal species were higher than those for firewood species. Drop strengths for firewood were all 100% while for charcoal were between 93.7 and 100%. Water boiling tests indicated that firewood fuel performed better that charcoal fuel for low amounts of water due to higher maximum flame temperatures obtained during combustion of firewood.

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Section: Durability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calorific Values For Firewood Species and Produced Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Lubwama

Yiga

Ssempijja

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH) 2 -modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH) 2modified K98 rice husks, respectively, imply that the developed models are significant (p values < 0.05). For each of the models, there is only a 0.01% chance that model F values this large could occur due to noise [42]. Moreover, lack-offits for the developed models were not significant relative to the pure error, further suggesting that the quadratic models adequately describe the functional relationships between experimental factors and respective tensile strengths [43].…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For Model Statistical Significancementioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Yiga

Lubwama

Pagel

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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It is extremely important to save costs and time while enhancing accuracy in experimentation. However, no study has utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the effects of independent parameters on properties of PLA/clay/rice husk composites. This study focused on optimization of tensile strength of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. RSM using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine optimum blending parameters of the developed composites. Fiber-reinforced PLA composites were prepared using compression molding. Rice husk fiber and clay filler were used to enhance tensile properties of PLA. Five factors, namely, clay filler loading (1 − 5 wt.%), rice husk fiber loading (10 − 30 wt.%), alkali concentration (0 − 4 wt.%), rice husk variety (K85, K98), and alkali type (NaOH, Mg(OH)2) were varied with 68 individual experiments. Tensile tests were carried out according to ASTM D638 standards. ANOVA results revealed that the quadratic models best fit the tensile strength response, with filler loading and fiber loading factors as the most significant model terms. Interaction effects were more predominant than linear and quadratic effects. The developed models used to determine maximum tensile strengths of PLA/clay/rice husk composites were in close agreement with experimental findings (R2 values of 0.9635, 0.9624, 0.9789, and 0.9731 for NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks respectively). Individual optimal conditions were used to predict maximum tensile strengths in each set of developed composites. The predicted tensile strengths were 32.09 MPa, 33.69 MPa, 32.47 MPa, and 32.75 MPa for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks, respectively, which were very close to the obtained experimental values of 31.73 MPa, 33.06 MPa, 32.02 MPa, and 31.86 MPa respectively.

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“…The results showed that density, ignition time, and burning time have increased with an increased amount of all types of binder; while molasses blended briquettes provide high caloric values. In the study of Lubwama et. al (2020), the researchers have found that the combination of carbonization and the presence of binders provide a positive impact on the physical properties such as the moisture content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon on the production of agricultural briquettes made from rice husks, coffee husks, sugar cane bagasse, and ground nutshell.…”

Section: Binder Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Production of Bio-briquettes from Agricultural Wastes: Methods, Processes, and Quality

2022

JAFE

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Global energy demand is expected to increase in the next few years due to the corresponding increase in the world’s population. The world’s increasing energy demand is the ultimate reason to utilize alternate sources such as renewable energy. There are various forms of renewable energy sources. However, biomass is the always widely available source of renewable energy worldwide. Agricultural wastes such as rice husks, corn cobs, and bagasse results from various agricultural activities. These wastes are commonly left piled in the field to decompose or burn in open fires which consequently provide risks to the environment and animal and human health. The bio-briquettes product is suitable as an energy source commonly used for electricity generation, heat, and cooking fuel. They are the perfect replacement for wood logs. Hence, this review paper provides an overview of the utilization of various agricultural wastes into bio-briquettes. This review discusses the production, characterization, processing (preparation, size reduction, pyrolysis, binder addition, and densification -shaping and sizing), and quality evaluation methods of briquettes. This comprehensive review also presents the technology advancements, challenges, and future trends in the bio-briquetting industry.

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Effects and interactions of the agricultural waste residues and binder type on physical properties and calorific values of carbonized briquettes

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

An Overview on the Production of Bio-briquettes from Agricultural Wastes: Methods, Processes, and Quality

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