Effector and Regulatory T Cell Trafficking in Corneal Allograft Rejection

Abstract

Corneal transplantation is among the most prevalent and successful forms of solid tissue transplantation in humans. Failure of corneal allograft is mainly due to immune-mediated destruction of the graft, a complex and highly coordinated process that involves elaborate interactions between cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The migration of immune cells to regional lymphoid tissues and to the site of graft plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of graft rejection. Intricate interactions between adhesion molecules and their counter receptors on immune cells in conjunction with tissue-specific chemokines guide the trafficking of these cells to the draining lymph nodes and ultimately to the site of graft. In this review, we discuss the cascade of chemokines and adhesion molecules that mediate the trafficking of effector and regulatory T cells during corneal allograft rejection.

Safety and Feasibility of Intrastromal Injection of Cultivated Human Corneal Stromal Keratocytes as Cell-Based Therapy for Corneal Opacities

“…However, SF-injected corneas had upregulated MMP2, which might be related to the appearance of neovascularization and ECM remodeling. 36,37 The expression of CD45 (marker of T-lymphocytes and myeloid cells 38,39 ) was negligible in CSK-, SF-, and PBS-injected rat corneas (Fig. 4C), indicating the absence of graft rejection.…”

Conditioned medium-electrospun fiber biomaterials for skin regeneration

“…They resemble the effect of parental stem cells, modulate the activity of recipient cells, and play important roles in promoting tissue regeneration [ 16 , 55 ]. Compared with ADSCs, ADSC-CM that contains cell-secreted products but without cellular components demonstrated several therapeutic benefits for regenerative treatment application: (1) Applicability of allogeneic therapy: Because of different major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) antigen on cell membrane expressed by derived from different individuals, allogeneic cell grafting therapy result in uncontrolled immune responses and tissue destruction and can lead to inflammatory disorders [ 56 , 57 ]. While MSC-CM contains no cell membrane epitope, the deliverance of which effectively avoiding immune rejection and can be used for allogeneic therapy, expanding the scope of clinical applications.…”

Corneal Allografts: Factors for and against Acceptance

“…Corneal transplantation is the most successful and the most frequently performed solid organ transplantation with 185000 procedures conducted per year worldwide [ 1 ]. Corneal graft survival is as high as 90% in low-risk patients [ 2 ] with only topical use of immunosuppressants. Unfortunately, rejection rates of corneal grafts in patients qualified as high-risk are similar to kidney or heart transplants, and the use of immunosuppressants topically and systemically is often inadequate [ 3 ].…”