Effectiveness of vision therapy for convergence dysfunctions and long‐term stability after vision therapy

Shin, Hoy Sun; Park, Sang Chul; Maples, Willis C.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00821.x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Not only did the symptoms decrease but the objective clinical measures that typically are associated with CI also changed. This is also in agreement with several previous studies, 3,7,17,[25][26][27] which reported that after symptomatic CI's underwent VT, symptoms decreased and objective measures improved. We interpret this data as demonstrating that the symptoms of CI are related to the clinical visual measures (NPC, PFV, MAA, MAF).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…1-3 It is also a useful tool to document changes in symptoms before and after vision therapy. [4][5][6][7] A numerical score is assigned to each item from 0 to 4. The summed scores of the 19 items represent the visual symptoms score and is considered to represent visual motor, ocular motor, vergence, accommodative and perceptual/cognitive skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Vision Therapy for Children With Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015

VDR

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Purpose: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious health concern. Not only has ADHD been implicated as factors of academic performance in school children, it has been positively correlated with delinquency and drug use. Likewise, convergence insuf ficiency (CI) has been correlated with ADHD. Vision Therapy (VT) has recently been shown to improve both symptoms and clinical objective measures of CI. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of VT on visual symptoms and clinical measures for children with symptomatic CI and also ADHD.Methods: A total of 1,090 children attending grades 1 to 6 in one primary school completed a visual symptom checklist. Their parents also completed a checklist of ADHD symptoms. One hundred eighty eight children were visually symptomatic. Of these, 123 were eligible for clinical testing and agreed to participate in the study and subsequently received comprehensive eye/ vision examinations. Thirty one of the children exhibited CI and some of these (N=13) also exhibited ADHD. A therapy group (N=15) underwent a 12week therapy program and was then compared to a control group (N=16). Pearson correlations were calculated to assess if visual symptoms and/or ADHD symptoms were related to academic scores in reading or mathematics. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the prevalence of symptomatic CI subjects and children with ADHD symptoms, when compared to nonsymptomatic children. Results: Visual symptoms and ADHD symptoms were negatively correlated with academic scores for both reading and mathematics. Children with ADHD symptoms were 9times more likely to have visual Lee SH, Park CM, Park SC, Maples WC, Shin HS. Effectiveness of vision therapy for children with sympto matic convergence insufficiency with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Vision Dev & Rehab 2015;1(3):22942. symptoms than children without ADHD symptoms. Likewise, ADHD children were 30times more likely to have CI than children without ADHD symptoms. Visual and ADHD symptom scores, and objective visual measures were statistically improved after 12 weeks of therapy.Conclusion: ADHD and CI are correlated. Further, VT improved visual symptoms, ADHD symptoms and clinical signs of CI in those children with CI and ADHD. Both visual symptoms and ADHD symptoms negatively affected school achievement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Vision Therapy for Children With Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015

VDR

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“…Convergence insufficiency is associated with visual symptoms at near, including general eyestrain, blurred vision, diplopia, difficulty concentrating, and reduced comprehension after short periods of reading or performing or other near activities [11, 17, 18]. Studies have demonstrated that the CISS questionnaire is a valid instrument for quantifying near visual symptoms in 9 to 18 year-old children and teenagers [11, 19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on myopia and visual symptoms in Chinese rural children

Zhong

Vasudevan

Fang

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundChinese traditional “eye exercises of acupoints” have been advocated as a compulsory measure to reduce visual symptoms, as well as to retard the development of refractive error, among Chinese students for decades. The exercises are comprised of a 5-min, bilateral eye acupoint self-massage. This study evaluated the possible effect of these eye exercises among Chinese rural students.MethodsEight hundred thirty-six students (437 males, 52.3 %), aged 10.6 ± 2.5 (range 6–17) years from the Handan Offspring Myopia Study (HOMS) who completed the eye exercises and vision questionnaire, the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS) questionnaire, and had a cycloplegic refraction were included in this study.Results121 (14.5 %) students (64 males, 52.9 %) performed the eye exercises of acupoints in school. The multiple odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for those having a “serious attitude” towards performing the eye exercises (0.12, 0.03–0.49) demonstrated a protective effect for myopia, after adjusting for the children’s age, gender, average parental refractive error, and the time spent on near work and outdoor activity. The more frequently, and the more seriously, the students performed the eye exercises each week, the less likely was their chance of being myopic (OR, 95 % CI: 0.17, 0.03–0.99), after adjusting for the same confounders. However, neither the “seriousness of attitude” of performing the eye exercises (multiple β coefficients: -1.58, p = 0.23), nor other related aspects of these eye exercises, were found to be associated with the CISS score in this sample.ConclusionsThe traditional eye exercises of acupoints appeared to have a modest protective effect on myopia among these Chinese rural students aged 6–17 years. However, no association between the eye exercises and near vision symptoms was found.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1289-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Patients with these visual disorders may present a wide variety of associated symptoms. Many studies have reported different symptoms, such as blurred vision, difficulty focusing at different distances, headache and ocular pain, among others …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have reported different symptoms, such as blurred vision, difficulty focusing at different distances, headache and ocular pain, among others. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] According to the methods for identification of symptoms, on which diagnosis of these visual conditions is based, the authors have used different criteria, 3,4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] from simply considering the presence or absence of visual symptoms, to a description of the frequency of symptoms reported by patients or the use of symptoms questionnaires. Some authors have related these dysfunctions to problems with reading or academic performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodative and binocular dysfunctions: prevalence in a randomised sample of university students

García-Muñoz

Carbonell-Bonete

Cantó-Cerdán

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Effectiveness of vision therapy for convergence dysfunctions and long‐term stability after vision therapy

Abstract: This study supports the notion that VT is a successful method of treating CI and CI combined with AI.

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Effectiveness of Vision Therapy for Children With Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Effectiveness of Vision Therapy for Children With Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on myopia and visual symptoms in Chinese rural children

Accommodative and binocular dysfunctions: prevalence in a randomised sample of university students

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