Accommodative and binocular dysfunctions: prevalence in a randomised sample of university students

García-Muñoz, Ángel; Carbonell-Bonete, Stela; Cantó-Cerdán, Mario; Cacho-Martínez, Pilar

doi:10.1111/cxo.12376

Cited by 61 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These dysfunctions challenge near‐activity demands. Symptoms may include blurred vision, reading problems, headache, diplopia, and in many cases, difficulty in maintaining comfortable vision for a long time . Also, these visual disorders are associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sánchez-González

Gutiérrez-Sánchez

Sánchez‐González

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients’ binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder area. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to ascertain the relationship between visual system disorders and the musculoskeletal system of the neck. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42018112771). All articles selected examined the relationship between neck conditions (chronic neck pain and whiplash) and the visual system in adult populations. Studies with optometric or physiotherapeutic measurements were included. Bias risk was evaluated with the modified Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Study Quality Assessment Tool. To provide complete quality assessment evidence, the authors applied the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. The literature search was conducted in November 2018 and yielded 745 studies among all the databases. Out of these studies, 21 were finally included. Most of the studies presented a moderate methodological quality. Only one high‐quality trial was found. Based on a qualitative assessment, our systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and musculoskeletal system of the neck. However, the methods for the measurement of the visual system lacked uniformity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sánchez-González

Gutiérrez-Sánchez

Sánchez‐González

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…On the one hand, the eyes are subjected to continuous overexertion of accommodation and vergence, thus distance vision and far–near–far exchange are exercised less. This abnormal situation produces prolonged activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the eye with distortion and imbalance in visual behavior, resulting in accommodative nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions . The lack of efficiency of the visual system causes diverse symptomatology, including eye strain and performance problems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This abnormal situation produces prolonged activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the eye with distortion and imbalance in visual behavior, resulting in accommodative nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The lack of efficiency of the visual system causes diverse symptomatology, including eye strain and performance problems. 10,11 Similarly, it increases musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck area, so that visual symptoms and muscle complaints coexist at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it possible to relate accommodative visual dysfunctions to neck pain?

Sánchez-González

Pérez-Cabezas

López-Izquierdo

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between conditions of accommodative visual dysfunctions and cervical complaints. Fifty-two participants were included. Variables were accommodative amplitude, positive and negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodative response, and accommodative facility. Subjects were classified as accommodative insufficiency, accommodative excess, or normal. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, the Visual Analogue Scale, and by cervical range of motion, deep flexor muscle activation score, and performance index. We found the following significant relationships: between NRA and both performance index and left-side bending; accommodative amplitude right-eye with right-side bending and with left-side bending; accommodative amplitude left-eye with right-side bending; and accommodative facility left-eye with both performance index and left-side bending. In accommodative amplitude right-eye, aIl participants showed significant values and greater than those with accommodative excess. In both groups, performance index values were decreased. Greater pain and lower right-rotation were found in participants with accommodative excess than in those with accommodative insufficiency. We conclude that accommodative dysfunctions are related to low performance index, decreased range of motion, as well as greater neck pain.

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“…Convergence insufficiency (CI) is the most common binocular vision anomaly with an estimated prevalence of 3%–5% in the adult population . This binocular vision disorder is often associated with multiple vision‐related symptoms during near activities (including reading) and can therefore affect educational, occupational, and athletic performance and decrease the quality of life of the patients .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Convergence insufficiency (CI) is the most common binocular vision anomaly with an estimated prevalence of 3%-5% in the adult population. [1][2][3] This binocular vision disorder is often associated with multiple vision-related symptoms during near activities (including reading) and can therefore affect educational, occupational, and athletic performance and decrease the quality of life of the patients. 4,5 Different options have been proposed for CI management in the literature, including simple home-based vision training like pencil push-up therapy, 6,7 specialised office-based vision therapy/orthoptics, [8][9][10][11] and base-in (BI) prism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of base‐in prism on vision‐related symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency; a placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial

Nabovati

Kamali

Mirzajani

et al. 2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of base‐in prism on symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency. Methods In this randomised clinical trial, 64 CI patients aged 18–38 years who presented to Bina Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran between November 2018 and April 2019 were selected and randomly assigned to either prism or placebo groups. All participants underwent complete optometric examinations, including the measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and complete accommodative and binocular vision examinations. Clinical examinations were repeated after three months. The overall score of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) was considered as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included near exophoria, positive fusional vergence at near, near point of convergence, vergence facility, monocular accommodative facility, accommodative response, negative relative accommodation and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. Results The mean (S.D.) age of the participants was 25.5 (5.5) years and 44% of them were male. The mean CISS score was significantly lower in the prism group compared to the placebo group in the outcome examination (p < 0.001). Moreover, the values of monocular accommodative facility, accommodative response, and negative relative accommodation were significantly higher in the prism group versus the placebo group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in other parameters, including near positive fusional vergence, near point of convergence, vergence facility, and AC/A ratio between the two groups in the outcome examination (p > 0.10). Conclusion The base‐in prism reduced symptoms in young adults with convergence insufficiency, while it had no significant effect on the near point of convergence, near positive fusional vergence, vergence facility and AC/A ratio. However, the results of this study only supports the symptomatic effectiveness of prism in the short term and further studies are needed to assess the long‐term effect of prism.

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Accommodative and binocular dysfunctions: prevalence in a randomised sample of university students

Abstract: Binocular dysfunctions were more prevalent than accommodative dysfunctions or accommodative and binocular dysfunctions together in a randomised population of university students.

Cited by 61 publications

References 51 publications

Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Is it possible to relate accommodative visual dysfunctions to neck pain?

The effect of base‐in prism on vision‐related symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency; a placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial

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