Effectiveness of the preparation of maleic anhydride grafted poly (lactic acid) by reactive processing for poly (lactic acid)/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Abstract

An effective strategy to increase the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this work, aiming to improve the surface adhesion of PLA and CNT a new compatibilizer agent was prepared by reactive processing, PLA grafted maleic anhydride (PLA‐g‐MA) using benzoyl peroxide and maleic anhydride. The effectiveness of the PLA‐g‐MA as a compatibilizer agent was verified for PLA/PLA‐g‐MA/CNT nanocomposites. PLA and PLA‐g‐MA samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) to confirm the grafting reaction of maleic anhydride on PLA chains and by rheological analysis to prove the changes in the matrix PLA after the graphitization reaction. Thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), mechanical tests (Izod impact strength and tensile test), and morphological characterization were used to verify the effect of the compatibilizer agent. The preparation of PLA‐g‐MA by reactive extrusion processing proved satisfactory and the nanocomposites presented good thermal and mechanical properties. The addition of the PLA‐g‐MA also contributed to the greater distribution of CNT and can be used as an alternative for the production of PLA/CNT nanocomposites.

Maleic Anhydride Polylactic Acid Coupling Agent Prepared from Solvent Reaction: Synthesis, Characterization and Composite Performance

“…It is expected that if degradation has been found during the reactive extrusion, the samples will show a clear reduction in the Mn and Mw and an increase in the PDI. Other authors have confirmed this by DSC or tensile strength tests [ 25 ], however Mw analysis is more accurate. Results are shown in Figure 4 .…”

Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Graft Copolymers: Syntheses Strategies and Improvement of Properties for Biomedical and Environmentally Friendly Applications: A Review

“…The most widely used reagent for functionalizing the PLA chain is maleic anhydride (MA) due to its good chemical reactivity, low toxicity and good stability to the experimental synthesis conditions [21][22][23]. The grafting of MA onto the PLA backbone results in a reactive compatibilizer due to the presence of the anhydride function.…”

“…Compatibilizing effects of PLA-g-MA on the properties of PLA/Soy Protein concentrate (SPC) blends were demonstrated by a 19% increase in tensile strength compared to Compatibilizing effects of PLA-g-MA on the properties of PLA/Soy Protein concentrate (SPC) blends were demonstrated by a 19% increase in tensile strength compared to the non-compatibilized blend [62]. Finally, PLA-g-MA also has the ability to provide some compatibility to PLA/mineral mixtures such as PLA/carbon nanotubes [22], PLA/Titanium oxide [63], PLA/halloysite [64], PLA/hydroxyapatite [65], PLA/talc [66], PLA polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) [67].…”

“…Molecules 2022, 27, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 23 the non-compatibilized blend [62]. Finally, PLA-g-MA also has the ability to provide some compatibility to PLA/mineral mixtures such as PLA/carbon nanotubes [22], PLA/Titanium oxide [63], PLA/halloysite [64], PLA/hydroxyapatite [65], PLA/talc [66], PLA polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) [67].…”

Evaluation of the use of carbon nanotubes recovered from a biodegradation process in the production of new biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

“…Although numerous works that reported on recovery by recycling, biodegradation test, or even toxicity (such as ecotoxicity with plants) of biodegradable polymers are observed [1,4,[10][11][12], the composites or nanocomposites produced with these polymers have been very little considered [13,14]. Commonly, biodegradable polymers are processed with other polymers (polymer blends) or reinforced with filler or nanofiller, generating composites or nanocomposites with enhanced properties [2,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Few studies address the effect of the addition of the nanofiller on the polymer biodegradation property [4,21,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32], and even fewer studies have investigated what happens to the nanofillers after polymer biodegradation [26].…”