Effectiveness of Tai Chi on older adults: A systematic review of systematic reviews with re-meta-analysis

Leung, Leona Yuen Ling; Tam, Hon Lon; Ho, Jonathan Ka Ming

doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104796

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Importantly, it allows us to deliver conclusive information on the variables analyzed ( 30 , 74 ). A review by El-Kotob et al ( 75 ) on the effect of resistance training in adults showed a low methodological quality with AMSTAR-2; this is similar to that reported by Leung et al ( 76 ) in an abstract that analyzed the effect of Tai Chi training on indicators of functionality in older people showing low methodological quality with AMSTAR-2. However, in the present overview, a moderate (13–14 points)-to-high (15–16 points) methodological quality was reported in the 10 meta-analyses detected for the analysis ( 17 , 18 , 26–28 , 37 , 38 , 41–43 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effects of active exergames on physical performance in older people: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Hernandez-Martinez,

Ramos-Espinoza,

Muñoz-Vásquez

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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This overview assessed the available body of published peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the effects of active exergames compared with active/passive control on physical performance outcomes in older people. The methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using PRISMA, AMSTAR 2, and GRADE. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023391694). The main outcomes indicate that 4,477 records, five systematic reviews, and 10 meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR-2 reported six meta-analyses with high methodological quality, four moderate quality, two systematic reviews with low quality, and three very-low quality. Meta-analysis was performed on balance using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) tests, on cardiorespiratory fitness using the 6-min walk test, and on upper and lower limbs muscle strength using the handgrip strength, knee extension, and 30-s chair stand tests. Significant differences in favor of the active exergames groups concerning active/passive groups were reported in BBS (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.12–1.58; I2 = 96%; p = 0.02), TUG (SMD = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.71–2.16; I2 = 97%; p < 0.0001), and 30-s chair stand test (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.33–1.25; I2 = 88%; p = 0.0008). However, no significant differences were reported in favor of the active exergames groups in 6-min walk (SMD = 0.93; 95% CI = −0.64 to 2.50; I2 = 95%; p = 0.24), handgrip strength (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI = −0.04 to 1.38; I2 = 84%; p = 0.06), and knee extension tests (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = −0.05 to 0.44; I2 = 95%; p = 0.12) compared to active/passive control. However, it was impossible to perform a meta-analysis for the variables of walking speed as a fall risk due to the diversity of instruments and the small number of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. In conclusion, interventions utilizing active exergames have shown significant improvements in the static and dynamic balance and lower limb muscle strength of apparently healthy older people, compared to control groups of active/inactive participants, as measured by BBS, TUG, and 30-s chair stand tests. However, no significant differences were found in the 6-min walk, HGS, and knee extension tests.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, CRD42023391694.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effects of active exergames on physical performance in older people: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Hernandez-Martinez,

Ramos-Espinoza,

Muñoz-Vásquez

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Similarly, some interventions appeared more likely to be prescribed for older adults (eg, mean age, tai chi=59 v dance=31) or women (eg, per cent female: dance=88% v cycling=53%). Given that plausible mechanisms exist for these systematic differences (eg, the popularity of tai chi among older adults), 53 there are reasons to believe that allocation to treatment arms would be less than perfectly random. We have factored these biases in our certainty estimates through indirectness ratings.…”

Section: Network Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Noetel,

Sanders,

Gallardo-Gómez

et al. 2024

BMJ

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Objective To identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods Screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were performed for the primary analyses. Quality of the evidence for each arm was graded using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) online tool. Data sources Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Any randomised trial with exercise arms for participants meeting clinical cut-offs for major depression. Results 218 unique studies with a total of 495 arms and 14 170 participants were included. Compared with active controls (eg, usual care, placebo tablet), moderate reductions in depression were found for walking or jogging (n=1210, κ=51, Hedges’ g −0.62, 95% credible interval −0.80 to −0.45), yoga (n=1047, κ=33, g −0.55, −0.73 to −0.36), strength training (n=643, κ=22, g −0.49, −0.69 to −0.29), mixed aerobic exercises (n=1286, κ=51, g −0.43, −0.61 to −0.24), and tai chi or qigong (n=343, κ=12, g −0.42, −0.65 to −0.21). The effects of exercise were proportional to the intensity prescribed. Strength training and yoga appeared to be the most acceptable modalities. Results appeared robust to publication bias, but only one study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. As a result, confidence in accordance with CINeMA was low for walking or jogging and very low for other treatments. Conclusions Exercise is an effective treatment for depression, with walking or jogging, yoga, and strength training more effective than other exercises, particularly when intense. Yoga and strength training were well tolerated compared with other treatments. Exercise appeared equally effective for people with and without comorbidities and with different baseline levels of depression. To mitigate expectancy effects, future studies could aim to blind participants and staff. These forms of exercise could be considered alongside psychotherapy and antidepressants as core treatments for depression. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018118040.

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“…Exercise regimens varied widely, including Healthy Beat Acupunch exercises, barefoot walking, lip closure training, and yoga. Other previous studies evaluated Pilates [ 12 , 52 ], forest walking programs [ 53 ], and Tai Chi [ 54 ]. Among them, a recent study indicated that Tai Chi was effective in improving older adults’ sleep quality [ 54 ], but the study was not included in the current analysis because it did not meet the selection criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Non-Pharmacological Sleep Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lee

2023

IJERPH

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This study investigated the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep in older people through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted a literature search using eight electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Participant characteristics, the contents of the evaluated interventions, and the measured outcomes were systematically reviewed for 15 selected studies. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the effect size for overall, aggregated sleep outcomes. Due to the small number of studies available for each intervention, only the overall effectiveness of non-pharmacological sleep interventions was evaluated. The evaluated interventions included exercise, aromatherapy, acupressure, cognitive behavior therapy, and meditation. Our results demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions showed statistically significant effects on sleep (effect size = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 1.85, I2 = 92%, p < 0.001). After confirming publication bias and removing outliers, we found no heterogeneity (I2 = 17%, p = 0.298), with a decrease in effect size to 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.93). Non-pharmacological interventions are effective for improving sleep in older adults. Future studies should continue to investigate sleep problems and interventions addressing these problems in this demographic, particularly in older women. Objective measures should be used to follow-up on the evaluated sleep interventions over the long term.

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Effectiveness of Tai Chi on older adults: A systematic review of systematic reviews with re-meta-analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 84 publications

Effects of active exergames on physical performance in older people: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Effects of active exergames on physical performance in older people: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Effects of Non-Pharmacological Sleep Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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