Effects of Non-Pharmacological Sleep Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep in older people through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted a literature search using eight electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Participant characteristics, the contents of the evaluated interventions, and the measured outcomes were systematically reviewed for 15 selected studies. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the effect size for overall, aggregated sleep outcomes. Due to the small number of studies available for each intervention, only the overall effectiveness of non-pharmacological sleep interventions was evaluated. The evaluated interventions included exercise, aromatherapy, acupressure, cognitive behavior therapy, and meditation. Our results demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions showed statistically significant effects on sleep (effect size = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 1.85, I2 = 92%, p < 0.001). After confirming publication bias and removing outliers, we found no heterogeneity (I2 = 17%, p = 0.298), with a decrease in effect size to 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.93). Non-pharmacological interventions are effective for improving sleep in older adults. Future studies should continue to investigate sleep problems and interventions addressing these problems in this demographic, particularly in older women. Objective measures should be used to follow-up on the evaluated sleep interventions over the long term.

Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults with Restless Legs Syndrome or Willis–Ekbom Disease

“…However, none of the 91 participants in the present analysis reported receiving treatment with dopamine agonists at baseline, while only 2 participants reported dopamine agonist intake at follow-up; therefore, this storyline is rather improbable. Of course, medicinal and non-pharmaceutical interventions addressing sleep and affective disorders (as well as other RLS/WED-relevant parameters) may have also taken place throughout the follow-up and may account for the coming together of language trajectories [41][42][43]. Notably, participation in an epidemiological study may alert participants and their informants to several health aspects that previously went unnoticed [44].…”

Intervensi Non Farmakologis pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus dengan Gangguan Tidur

“…Beberapa intervensi farmakologis diberikan untuk meningkatkan tidur seperti antidepresan, antipsikotik, melatonin, dan agonis dopamin, namun dapat menimbulkan efek samping misalnya pusing, sedasi, migrain, dan risiko infeksi pernapasan (Schipper et al, 2021;Madari et al, 2021). Intervensi tidur non farmakologis menjadi terapi yang lebih aman dibandingkan dengan intervensi farmakologis karena risiko yang relatif rendah terhadap pasien, tidak membutuhkan biaya yang mahal, dan sudah terbukti meningkatkan kualitas tidur antara lain aromaterapi, cognitive behavioral therapy, latihan fisik, dan meditasi (Alshehri et al, 2020;Nasiri et al, 2020;Gu & Lee, 2023).…”

Prevalence And Factor Associated of Sleep disturbance Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia

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