Effectiveness of subunit influenza vaccination in the 2014–2015 season and residual effect of split vaccination in previous seasons

Castilla, Jesús; Navascués, Ana; Fernández-Alonso, Mirian; Reina, Gabriel; Pozo, Francisco; Casado, Itziar; Guevara, Marcela; Barricarte, Aurelio; Ezpeleta, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.054

Cited by 38 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Across all strains, the IVE was lower in young patients, although only age-specific estimates for A(H3N2) were significantly different due to few cases of B/Yamagata-lineage and A(H1N1)pdm09 and a higher IVE in patients vaccinated during the 2012–2013, 2013–2014, or both seasons than in those vaccinated during the 2014–2015 season, a finding also reported by others [24]. This lower IVE in young patients, however, contrasts with previous reports where the opposite was found [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influenza epidemiology and influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2014–2015 season: annual report from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network

Puig-Barberà

Burtseva

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has established a prospective, active surveillance, hospital-based epidemiological study to collect epidemiological and virological data for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres over several consecutive seasons. It focuses exclusively on severe cases of influenza requiring hospitalization. A standard protocol is shared between sites allowing comparison and pooling of results. During the 2014–2015 influenza season, the GIHSN included seven coordinating sites from six countries (St. Petersburg and Moscow, Russian Federation; Prague, Czech Republic; Istanbul, Turkey; Beijing, China; Valencia, Spain; and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Here, we present the detailed epidemiological and influenza vaccine effectiveness findings for the Northern Hemisphere 2014–2015 influenza season.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3378-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influenza epidemiology and influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2014–2015 season: annual report from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network

Puig-Barberà

Burtseva

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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“…A study using the test-negative design evaluated VE in Navarra, Spain, during the 2014-2015 season with vaccine exposure assessed over a three-season period: 2012-2013 through 2014-2015 [38]. This study found no significant protection against H3N2 in any vaccine group, but protection against influenza B was high (>80%) among current season only vaccinees and among patients who were vaccinated in two prior seasons only (not current season).…”

Section: Ve Studies Of Repeated Vaccination In Multiple Prior Seasonsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness: review of evidence

Belongia

Skowronski

McLean

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

233

185

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Introduction: Studies in the 1970s and 1980s signaled concern that repeated influenza vaccination could affect vaccine protection. The antigenic distance hypothesis provided a theoretical framework to explain variability in repeat vaccination effects based on antigenic similarity between successive vaccine components and the epidemic strain. Areas covered: A meta-analysis of vaccine effectiveness studies from 2010-11 through 2014-15 shows substantial heterogeneity in repeat vaccination effects within and between seasons and subtypes. When negative effects were observed, they were most pronounced for H3N2, especially in 2014-15 when vaccine components were unchanged and antigenically distinct from the epidemic strain. Studies of repeated vaccination across multiple seasons suggest that vaccine effectiveness may be influenced by more than one prior season. In immunogenicity studies, repeated vaccination blunts the hemagglutinin antibody response, particularly for H3N2. Expert commentary: Substantial heterogeneity in repeated vaccination effects is not surprising given the variation in study populations and seasons, and the variable effects of antigenic distance and immunological landscape in different age groups and populations. Caution is required in the interpretation of pooled results across multiple seasons, since this can mask important variation in repeat vaccination effects between seasons. Multi-season clinical studies are needed to understand repeat vaccination effects and guide recommendations. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…84 Given that documenting current year influenza vaccination status is especially challenging in hospital settings, 32,33 it is not surprising that the effect of prior vaccination on IVE was reported in very few articles. 36,41,58 Nonetheless, research that considers the possible modification of current season IVE by prior vaccination history among hospitalized patients is needed, especially when consecutive identical vaccine components are followed by an antigenically distinct circulating strain. This can result in a blunting of IVE as described by Smith et al 85 and observed in 2014–15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe influenza illness among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies

Rondy

Omeiri

Thompson

et al. 2017

Journal of Infection

181

128

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Summary Objectives Summary evidence of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalized influenza is lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting IVE against laboratory-confirmed hospitalized influenza among adults. Methods We searched Pubmed (January 2009 to November 2016) for studies that used test-negative design (TND) to enrol patients hospitalized with influenza-associated conditions. Two independent authors selected relevant articles. We calculated pooled IVE against any and (sub)type specific influenza among all adults, and stratified by age group (18–64 and 65 years and above) using random-effects models. Results We identified 3411 publications and 30 met our inclusion criteria. Between 2010–11 and 2014–15, the pooled seasonal IVE was 41% (95%CI:34;48) for any influenza (51% (95%CI:44;58) among people aged 18–64y and 37% (95%CI:30;44) among ≥65 years). IVE was 48% (95%CI:37;59), 37% (95%CI:24;50) and 38% (95%CI:23;53) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively. Among persons aged ≥65 year, IVE against A(H3N2) was 43% (95%CI:33;53) in seasons when circulating and vaccine strains were antigenically similar and 14% (95%CI: −3;30) when A(H3N2) variant viruses predominated. Conclusions Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against influenza-associated hospitalizations among adults. They seemed to provide low protection among elderly in seasons where vaccine and circulating A(H3N2) strains were antigenically variant.

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Effectiveness of subunit influenza vaccination in the 2014–2015 season and residual effect of split vaccination in previous seasons

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Influenza epidemiology and influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2014–2015 season: annual report from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network

Influenza epidemiology and influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2014–2015 season: annual report from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network

Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness: review of evidence

Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe influenza illness among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies

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