Effectiveness of Strychnos ligustrina Bl. Extract as Feed Supplementation to Increase Immune System of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) wich againts Streptococcus agalactiae

Abstract

One of the problems of intensive cultivation of tilapia is the attack of Streptococcosis disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria. To prevent it is necessary to prevent the use of natural antibiotics that is Strychnine bush extract. The method used in this research is the experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (RAL), then the data is analyzed by using ANAVA. In this research, there were five treatments with various dosages, namely treatment (K: 0%), (A: 5%), (B: 10%), (C: 15%) and (D: 20%), each treatment was repeated four times. The main parameters used are hematocrit level, leukocrit level, leukocyte count and phagocytosis activity. As a supporting parameter is water quality and MIC (Minimum Inhibitation Concentration) test. The results showed that dosage of Strychnine bush extract did not affect the level of hematocrit and leukocrit level, but significant effect on leukocyte count with the highest value at treatment B with 10% dose is 11,9 × 105 cell / mm3. Giving extract also significant effect on phagocytosis activity with the highest phagocytosis value at treatment B with dose of 10% that is 32%.Keywords: Imune system, Streptococcosis, antibiotics, Minimum Inhibitation Concentration

CONTROL OF Vibrio alginolyticus INFECTION IN ASIAN SEA BASS Lates calcarifer USING AMBON BANANA PLANT POWDER Musa paradisiacal THROUGH THE FEED

“…The decline was possibly because fish stressed due to injections so that their appetite decreased. Appetite of fish infected by bacteria decreased (Zubaidah et al, 2019). Sieira et al (2018) said that stress on fish could affect appetite, which had an impact on decreasing of feed consumption.…”

“…The function of the thyroid hormone is to increase the levels of oxygen that will be used by cells. Oxygen in the body of the fish plays a role in the process of metabolism to produce energy and this energy is used to produce leukocyte cells in large quantities to produce antibodies (Zubaidah et al, 2019). Respiratory burst activity is directly proportional to phagocytic activity (Rawling et al, 2012).…”

Subchronic toxicity test of Strychnos ligustrina extract and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate in male and female mice

“…All doses (low, medium, and high doses) induced mortality in mice but had a non-dose-dependent increase. Previous research reported that methanol extract of S. ligustrina had a toxic effect on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), such as decreasing HCT and leucocyte levels (Zubaidah et al, 2018). The high mortality was shown at the high doses in male and female groups, while the lowest mortality was in control groups (Table 1).…”

“…Hematological analysis was performed using a hematology analyzer (Mindray BC-2800vet) to evaluate erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), red-cell distribution width (RDW), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), procalcitonin (PCT), leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte (Zhang et al, 2021). Biochemistry analysis was performed using a clinical chemistry analyzer (SPOTCHEM™ EZ SP-4430) with the following parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), total cholesterol total, glucose, urea (BUN), and creatinine (Lee et al, 2021).…”

The Gene Regulatory Roles of Herbal Extracts on the Growth, Immune System, and Reproduction of Fish

“…Supplementation with a natural antibiotic called snogga wood ( Strychnos ligustrina Bl. ) at a dose of 10% per feed elevated phagocytosis and leukocyte count and showed activity against Streptococcus agalactiae ; however, it did not alter hematocrit and leukocrit levels in Nile tilapia at any dose examined [ 88 ]. Pawpaw or papaya ( Carica papaya ) is a tropical plant from Central America and southern Mexico that contains unlike groups of bioactive agents, including saponins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and proteolytic enzymes.…”